选择性税收激励对企业研发创新的异质性影响研究  

The Heterogeneity Effect of Selective Tax Incentives on Enterprise Innovation Investment

作　　者：南晓莉[1] 段胜英 NAN Xiaoli;DUAN Shengying(School of Economics and Management,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济管理学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期42-53,共12页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“一带一路国家资金融通机制设计与资本配置效率评价体系研究”(18ZDA095);教育部人文社科青年项目“基于创新异质性的选择性税收激励政策效果评估与优化研究”(21YJC790090);辽宁省社科联一般项目“辽宁省企业创新异质性视角下的选择性税收激励政策效果评估与对策研究”(2023lslwzzkt-007)。

摘　　要：有效激励企业创新,是我国选择性产业政策制定与实施关注的重要议题,既有研究基于总量视角证明了选择性税收激励政策效果的平均有效性,文章着眼于创新投入的个体异质性视角,分析高新企业技术认定这一选择性税收激励政策对企业创新投资异质性效果。文章首先聚焦于获得高新技术资质的样本企业,控制政策非随机性带来的选择偏差,其次采用PSM方法控制个体差异,计算先认定企业与后认定企业同一时期的研发创新增量,最后利用Logit模型检验认定次数、认定企业规模、政策执行环境等政策特征对企业创新增量方向的影响。分析结果表明,政策对首次认定企业、小规模企业、市场环境发达地区企业激励效应更强,微观企业在响应政策的环节中受到管理层短视、知识存量与调整成本的影响。为提高政策创新激励效果,高新技术企业认定政策优化应考虑到政策设计、实施对象以及执行场景的特点,注重长效激励、灵活施策,并不断强化营商环境支持。Encouraging enterprise innovation with effective incentives is an important issue in the formulation and implementation of China's selective industrial policy.Previous studies have proved the average effectiveness of the selective tax incentive policy from the perspective of total amount.The article focuses on the perspective of individual heterogeneity of innovation investment,and analyzes the heterogeneous effect of the selective tax incentive policy of high-and new-technology enterprise programs.Firstly,the article focuses on the sample enterprises that have obtained high-tech qualifications to control the selection deviation caused by non-randomness of policies.Secondly,the PSM method is used to control individual differences and calculate the RD innovation increment of the previously identified enterprises and the following identified enterprises in the same period.Finally,the Logit model is used to test the impact of policy characteristics,such as the number of identified enterprises,the size of identified enterprises,and the policy implementation environment,on the direction of enterprise innovation increment.The analysis results show that the policy has a stronger incentive effect on the previously identified enterprises,small-scale enterprises and enterprises in the developed market environment.Micro enterprises are affected by the shortsightedness of management,knowledge stock and adjustment cost in the process of responding to the policy.In order to improve the incentive effect of policy innovations,high-and new-technology enterprises should consider the policy design and its implementation objectives and scenarios,the long-term policy incentives and their flexible implementation,and build consistent supportive business environment.

关 键 词：税收激励 研发创新 异质性 PSM 

分 类 号：F812.0[经济管理—财政学]