自备井水氯化消毒副产物生成势特征及健康风险评价  

Characteristics of formation potential of chlorination disinfection by-products of groundwater from self-contained wells and health risk assessment

作　　者：白淼 江海溶 王玥 徐绍峰 张明露[1] 张传福 张灿 BAI Miao;JIANG Hairong;WANG Yue;XU Shaofeng;ZHANG Minglu;ZHANG Chuanfu;ZHANG Can(Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学环境科学与工程系,北京100048 [2]解放军疾病预防控制中心,北京100071

出　　处：《军事医学》2023年第7期527-532,538,共7页Military Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52070193);北京市自然科学基金项目(8192053);应用基础研究项目(20BJZ17)。

摘　　要：目的 研究自备井水氯化消毒后消毒副产物生成特征,评价对人体产生的致癌和非致癌风险。方法 采集北京和黑龙江自备井水样测定消毒副产物生成势,采用美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型评估消毒副产物通过饮水途径对人体产生的健康风险。结果 北京自备井水样三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)为15.54~72.85μg/L,三氯甲烷占THMFP的57.69%;卤乙酸生成势(HAAFP)为0.50~6.87μg/L,二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸分别占HAAFP的46.56%和37.34%。黑龙江自备井水样THMFP为4.34~759.58μg/L,三氯甲烷占THMFP的94.83%;HAAFP为0.64~163.86μg/L,二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸分别占HAAFP的33.84%和62.88%。北京自备井水样消毒副产物生成势总致癌风险为2.02×10^(-5)~9.67×10^(-5),总非致癌风险为3.89×10^(-2)~2.27×10^(-1),均未超出USEPA推荐的最高可接受风险水平。黑龙江自备井水样消毒副产物生成势总致癌风险为5.30×10^(-6)~1.05×10^(-3),40.00%(14/35)超出最高可接受风险水平;总非致癌风险为1.52×10^(-2)~2.80,2.86%(1/35)超出最高可接受风险水平。结论 两地区自备井水THMFP以三氯甲烷为主,HAAFP以二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸为主,致癌和非致癌风险主要来自THMFP。Objective To study the characteristics of formation and health risks of disinfection by-products after chlorination disinfection of self-contained wells.Methods Water samples were collected from self-contained wells in Beijing and Heilongjiang,respectively.The formation potential of disinfection by-products of the water samples was determined.Health risks were assessed according to the health risk assessment model by the US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).Results For self-contained well water in Beijing,the trihalomethane formation potential(THMFP)was 15.54-72.85μg/L,and trichloromethane accounted for 57.69%of THMFP.The haloacetic acid formation potential(HAAFP)was 0.50-6.87μg/L,and dichloroacetic acids and trichloroacetic acids accounted for 46.56%and 37.34%of HAAFP,respectively.For self-contained well water in Heilongjiang,the THMFP was 4.34-759.58μg/L,and trichloromethane accounted for 94.83%of THMFP.The HAAFP was 0.64-163.86μg/L,and dichloroacetic acids and trichloroacetic acids accounted for 33.84%and 62.88%of HAAFP,respectively.The total carcinogenic risks and total non-carcinogenic risks of the formation potential of disinfection by-products from self-contained well water in Beijing were 2.02×10^(-5)-9.67×10^(-5) and 3.89×10^(-2)-2.27×10^(-1),respectively,which were lower than their maximum acceptable risk values by USEPA.For self-contained well water in Heilongjiang,the total carcinogenic risks of the formation potential of disinfection by-products were 5.30×10^(-6)-1.05×10^(-3),and up to 40.00%(14/35)of them exceeded their maximum acceptable risk values.In addition,the total non-carcinogenic risks of the formation potential of disinfection by-products were 1.52×10^(-2)-2.80,and 2.86%(1/35)exceeded the threshold limit of risk values.Conclusion For self-contained well water in Beijing and Heilongjiang,trichloromethane is the main component of THMFP,while dichloroacetic acids and trichloroacetic acids are the main components of HAAFP.Health risks mainly arise from THMFP.

关 键 词：自备井 饮用水 消毒副产物 生成势 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]