中国农业生态系统多样性保护研究现状与展望  

Situation and prospects of biodiversity of agricultural ecosystem conservation and utilization in

作　　者：廖美哲 张宗文[2,3] 白可喻[1,3] Meizhe Liao;Zongwen Zhang;Keyu Bai(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;East Asia Office of Alliance of Biodiversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [3]国际生物多样性中心和国际热带农业中心联盟东亚办事处,北京100081

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第7期162-177,共16页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国际合作国际生物多样性中心项目(L21ROM180)。

摘　　要：面对气候变化、人口增长和农业集约化等一系列挑战,如何推动农业可持续发展,保障粮食安全,农业生态系统多样性以其独特的遗传、生态和传统社会文化价值成为解决这一难题的重要出路。全面了解农业生态系统多样性的特性、主要影响因子、保护利用措施和研究手段将对制定农业生态系统多样性保护策略具有重要的参考价值。本文研究内容只涉及农业即种植业不是大农业。本文系统分析了各类影响因子和管理措施对农业生态系统多样性的影响,介绍了我国农业生态系统多样性典型生态区域的现状和变化动态,系统阐述了农业生态系统多样性的评估方法,分析了农业生态系统多样性保护和管理的措施,并据此指出我国目前农业生态系统多样性研究的主要问题和今后的展望。分析发现,农业生态系统多样性在维持农业生态服务功能、提高农业生态系统的可恢复力、减少化肥农药污染和发展绿色农业方面发挥着重要的作用。从目前的研究和保护利用情况看,需要完善农业生态系统多样性的评估指标和方法,加强农业生态系统多样性的管理政策和协调机制,加大农业生态系统多样性保护和利用力度,使农业生态系统多样性保护和利用成为主流化。Background&Aims:In the face of a series of challenges such as climate change,population growth and agricultural intensification,how to promote sustainable agricultural development and ensure food security,agroecosystem diversity with its unique genetic,ecological and traditional socio-cultural values become an important way to solve this challenge.A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of agroecosystem diversity,the main influencing factors,conservation and utilization measures and research tools will be an important reference for the developing of agrobiodiversity conservation strategies.Method:This paper only focused on agrobiodiversity on farming system not broad agriculture.We systematically analyzed the impact of various influencing factors and management measures on agroecosystem diversity,introduced the current situation and changing dynamics of typical ecological regions of agrobiodiversity in China,systematically described the assessment methods of agroecosystem diversity,analyzed the conservation and management of agroecosystem diversity,and accordingly pointed out the main problems of current agrobiodiversity research in China and future prospects.Results:The analysis shows that agroecosystem diversity plays an important role in maintaining agroecological services,improving the resilience of agroecosystems,reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide and developing green agriculture.Prospect:There is a need to improve agroecosystem diversity assessment indicators,strengthen agroecosystem diversity management policies and coordination mechanisms,and intensify agroecosystem diversity conservation and use,so that agrobiodiversity conservation and utilization can be mainstreamed in sustainable agriculture development.

关 键 词：农业生态系统多样性 绿色农业发展 生态系统多样性评估 InVEST模型 农业生态系统多样性保护 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]