国际法视野下生物多样性和气候变化的协同治理  

On synergistic governance of biodiversity and climate change in the perspective of international law

作　　者：冯莉 Li Feng(Environmental Law of Research Institute,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第7期204-210,共7页Biodiversity Science

摘　　要：生物多样性丧失和气候变化是全球面临的共同挑战。生物多样性丧失加剧了气候变暖进程,同时,气候变化也加剧生物多样性丧失,二者之间是耦合关系,应当将应对气候变化和保护生物多样性视为相辅相成的两个目标,实现生物多样性与气候变化的协同治理。《联合国气候变化框架公约》(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,UNFCCC)和联合国《生物多样性公约》(Convention on Biological Diversity,CBD)都注意到生物多样性和气候变化之间的重要联系,二者存在相互交叉的议题。故本文从国际公约的角度出发,梳理了UNFCCC中生物多样性相关议题的谈判焦点与发展、CBD中气候变化相关议题的谈判焦点与发展以及二者履约机制的协同现状;总结出国际法视野下生物多样性与气候变化协同治理所面临的困难:(1)UNFCCC对生物多样性议题的回应不足;(2)CBD对气候变化议题单向回应;(3)UNFCCC与CBD履约机制分割显著;(4)防范生物多样性丧失与应对气候变化的制度措施之间的冲突。基于此,本文以整体系统观为理论基石,提出促进两公约的综合协调性、推动基于自然的解决方案落地执行、探索多元融资机制、制定长期战略等建议,促进生物多样性保护与应对气候变化的协同增效。Background&Aims:Abnormal climate change significantly affects biodiversity,while biodiversity loss also affects the climate system.Addressing the issues of climate change and biodiversity in isolation is insufficient,as there exists a strong coupling relationship between them.Despite their interconnectedness,achieving synergistic governance between biodiversity and climate change encounters several challenges.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)primarily regulates climate change,focusing on a greenhouse gas emissions reduction and climate adaptation.Simultaneously,the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)oversees organisms and strives to maintain biodiversity sustainability.Since their inception,UNFCCC and CBD have been interlinked,with complementary objectives that necessitate a collaborative approach for their successful implementation.However,to effectively address these global concerns,it is crucial to enhance the synergy between UNFCCC and CBD.This paper examines the existing synergy between the two conventions from the perspective of international law aiming to support the resolution of the interwined challenges presented by climate change and biodiversity loss.Review Results:From the current status of synergy between UNFCCC and CBD,we can find problems of synergy between UNFCCC and CBD as follows,insufficient response,one-way response and notable fragmentation in compliance mechanisms during their collaborative efforts.Recommendations:Based on this,this paper takes a holistic systems approach as its theoretical framework.It puts forth recommendations for enhancing synergistic governance of biodiversity and climate change,taking into account both theoretical and practical considerations.It suggests fostering coordination between the two conventions,promoting the implementation of nature-based solutions,exploring diversified financing mechanisms,and developing long-term strategies.

关 键 词：生物多样性 应对气候变化 《联合国气候变化框架公约》 《生物多样性公约》 协同治理 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]