陕北生态脆弱区土壤水蚀变化及驱动因子——以榆林市为例  

Soil Water Erosion Changes and Driving Factors in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Northern Shaanxi Province-Taking Yulin City as an Example

作　　者：朱启明 王宁 刘俊娥 齐小倩 程西科 杜芳悦 崔钦凯 ZHU Qiming;WANG Ning;LIU June;QI Xiaoqian;CHENG Xike;DU Fangyue;CUI Qinkai(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第5期41-51,60,共12页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077058,41601282);陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划资助(20210705);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(GK202103150,GK20201003)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析陕北生态脆弱区土壤水蚀的时空变化特征,阐明影响土壤水蚀空间分布格局的驱动因子,以期为黄土高原生态脆弱区土壤水蚀治理和生态恢复提供一定的理论依据。[方法]基于修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE),选取降水、土壤属性、地形、遥感等多源数据,估算榆林市2000年、2010年和2020年的土壤水蚀量,开展榆林市土壤水蚀的时空变化及驱动因子研究。[结果]榆林市2000年、2010年和2020年均以微度侵蚀为主。相较于2000年、2010年和2020年榆林市强度侵蚀及以上的面积显著减少。榆林市南部土壤水蚀程度要高于北部,其中南部局部地区土壤水蚀现象较为严重。2010年土壤水蚀量(5.339×10^(7)t)较2000年(1.124×10^(8)t)大幅度下降,而由于近年来榆林市降雨侵蚀力的增加,2020年的水蚀量(6.864×10^(7)t)则较2010年(5.339×10^(7)t)有小幅增加。榆林市的西南和东南由水蚀造成的流失量较北部更为严重,尤以定边最为严重,三年分别贡献了全市由水蚀造成的土壤流失量的44.68%,16.69%,14.66%。中度及以下强度对榆林市土壤水蚀流失量贡献较大。驱动榆林市土壤水蚀形成空间分布差异的主要因子为地形及降雨,不同因子的交互作用增加了对水蚀程度的影响,不同地貌区间的驱动因子也有较明显的差异。在2000年和2010年,榆林东部覆盖度为40%~50%的山区砂质陡坡发生强烈水蚀的风险最高,而2020年发生剧烈土壤水蚀风险最高的地区为覆盖度为30%~40%的砂质平原地区。[结论]榆林市土壤水蚀状况在2000年、2010年和2020年三年间发生了变化,且水蚀分布格局主要受到地形和降雨因子的驱动,未来还需进一步优化模型因子,以提高模型对中等以下侵蚀强度的预测精度。[Objective]The aims of this study are to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil water erosion in ecologically fragile areas of northern Shaanxi Province and elucidate the driving factors affecting the spatial distribution pattern of soil water erosion,with a view to providing some theoretical basis for soil water erosion management and ecological restoration in ecologically fragile areas of the Loess Plateau.[Methods]Based on modified universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)model,multi-source data such as precipitation,soil properties,topography and remote sensing were selected to estimate soil water erosion in Yulin in 2000,2010 and 2020 in order to carry out a study on the spatial and temporal variation and driving factors of soil water erosion in Yulin.[Results]Slight erosion dominated in Yulin in 2000,2010 and 2020.Compared with 2000,the area of Yulin with intensity erosion and above significantly reduced in 2010 and 2020.Soil water erosion rate was higher in the southern part of Yulin than the northern part,where soil water erosion was more serious in the southern part locally.Soil water erosion in 2010(5.339×10^(7)t)decreased significantly compared with 2000(1.124×10^(8)t),while water erosion in 2020(6.864×10^(7)t)increased slightly compared with 2010(5.339×10^(7)t)due to the increase in erosive power of rainfall in Yulin in recent years.The loss caused by water erosion was more serious in the southwest part and southeast region of Yulin than in the north,especially in Dingbian,which contributed 44.68%,16.69%,and 14.66%of soil losses of Yulin caused by water erosion in three years,respectively.The moderate intensity and below contributed more to the soil water erosion loss in Yulin.The main factors driving the differences in the spatial distribution of soil water erosion formation in Yulin were topography and rainfall,and the interaction of different factors increased the influence on the degree of water erosion,and there were also more obvious differences in the driving factors between dif

关 键 词：RUSLE模型 榆林 地理探测器 时空变化 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]