模拟降雨条件下肥料类型对坡面磷素流失的影响  

Effect of Fertilizer Types on Phosphorus Loss on Slope Under Simulated Rainfall

作　　者：邱业 曲芝旭 韩玉国[1,2] 彭玉璘 吴墩睿 QIU Ye;QU Zhixu;HAN Yuguo;PENG Yulin;WU Dunrui(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing General Brigade of Water Affairs Law Enforcement,Beijing 102400,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [3]北京市水务执法总队,北京102400

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第5期106-112,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07102-001,2017ZX07108-002)。

摘　　要：[目的]明确有机肥和无机肥的磷素流失机理,探讨施用有机肥能否减少磷素流失,为防控面源污染提供科学依据。[方法]以鸡粪作为有机肥,五氧化二磷作为无机肥,进行人工模拟降雨试验,分析了不同肥料类型下坡面磷素流失的规律。[结果]90 mm/h降雨强度处理下坡面产流率和产沙率较60 mm/h降雨强度处理分别高47.40%,64.48%,降雨强度对坡面产流率和产沙率影响显著(p<0.05),肥料类型对产流产沙率无显著影响(p>0.05)。随着降雨强度增大,径流中的正磷酸盐及可溶性总磷浓度均呈现下降趋势,无机肥处理下分别下降30.43%和26.35%,有机肥处理下为13.56%和33.08%;随着降雨强度增大,无机肥处理下泥沙有效磷浓度、颗粒态总磷浓度分别降低27.78%,19.47%,而在有机肥处理下则分别增加128.11%,36.28%。降雨强度增加会使坡面磷素流失量增加,溶解态总磷、径流正磷酸盐、颗粒态总磷、泥沙有效磷流失量平均增加11.81%,27.82%,68.45%,144.64%。施用有机肥可以减少坡面的磷素流失,相比施用无机肥,溶解态总磷、径流正磷酸盐、颗粒态总磷、泥沙有效磷平均减少了68.11%,85.51%,54.47%,80.69%。[结论]使用有机肥替代无机肥能够减少磷素流失,建议有施用条件的地区选择有机肥,且保证一定施用深度。[Objective]The aims of this study are to explore the reasons for the differences in phosphorus loss between organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and expound whether inorganic fertilizer could be replaced with organic fertilizer to reduce phosphorus loss,and then to prevent and control pollution from non-point sources.[Methods]Simulated rainfall experiment was carried out to compare the differences in the characteristics of phosphorus losses on the slopes with chicken manure as organic fertilizer and phosphorus pentoxide as inorganic fertilizer.[Results]Rainfall intensity had significant effects on the runoff yield and sediment yield on the slope(p<0.05).The runoff yield and sediment yield under 90 mm/h rainfall intensity treatment were 47.40%and 64.48%higher than those under 60 mm/h rainfall intensity treatment,respectively.Fertilizer type had no significant effect on runoff yield(p>0.05).With the increase of rainfall intensity,soluble total phosphorus concentration in runoff and orthophosphate concentration in runoff decreased by 29.72%and 22.00%on average,respectively.The increase of rainfall intensity also reduced the total particulate phosphorus concentration and available sediment phosphorus concentration on the slope with inorganic fertilizer application by 19.47%and 27.78%on average.As the rainfall intensity increased,the concentrations of particulate total phosphorus and available phosphorus in sediment on the slope with organic fertilizer application increased by 36.28%and 128.11%on average.The increase of rainfall intensity also led to the loss of dissolved total phosphorus,runoff phosphate,particulate total phosphorus and sediment available phosphorus,which increased by 11.81%,27.82%,68.45%and 144.64%on average,respectively.The phosphorus concentration in the treatment of inorganic fertilizer was several times higher than that in organic fertilizer treatment,and the dissolved total phosphorus,runoff orthophosphate,particulate total phosphorus and sediment available phosphorus were 2.22 times,6.8

关 键 词：人工模拟降雨 肥料类型 磷素流失量 磷素流失浓度 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] X501[农业科学—农业基础科学]