近61年来陕西省不同地貌类型的降水变化特征  

Characteristics of Precipitation Variability in Different Geomorphic Types in Shaanxi Province During Recent 61 Years

作　　者：马永永 娄盼星 惠英 肖贻青[2,3] 郑小华 孙璐[1,2] MA Yongyong;LOU Panxing;HUI Ying;XIAO Yiqing;ZHENG Xiaohua;SUN Lu(Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710016,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Meteorology for the Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau,Shaanxi Meteorological Bureau,Xi'an 710016,China;Shaanxi Meteorology Observatory,Xi'an 710015,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象科学研究所,西安710016 [2]陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室,西安710016 [3]陕西省气象台,西安710015

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第5期154-161,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室开放研究课题基金课题“地表土地利用类型/植被覆盖(LUCC)对陕西数值模式系统预报性能改进的研究”(2020K-3)。

摘　　要：[目的]获取陕西省主要地貌类型的降水变化特征,为陕西省的防灾减灾提供决策支撑。[方法]基于1961—2021年陕西省82个气象站逐日降水资料,采用线性倾向估计法和滑动平均法对陕西省近61年不同地貌类型降水的变化进行研究,并采用Mann-Kendal对降水量和降水日数进行突变性检验。[结果]山地地貌区年均降水量(851.88 mm)和年均降水日数(195.92d)最大,风蚀地貌区年均降水量(405.07 mm)和年均降水日数(85.20d)最少。黄土塬、丘陵和台地地貌区年降水量变化趋势为负值,其他地貌区年降水量变化趋势为正值。夏季降水量占比最大,除了台地地貌区外,其余地貌区夏季降水量均呈现上升趋势。各个地貌区降水日数最多的季节为夏季,所有地貌区年、春季和夏季降水日数都呈现下降趋势。黄土台塬地貌区年降水日数在1968年存在突变。[结论]陕西省年降水量和年降水日数呈现南多北少的总体分布,其中大多数地貌区的夏季降水量在增加而降水日数在减少,未来应加强降水变化的机理研究。[Objective]The aim of this study is to explore the precipitation variation characteristics of main geomorphic types in Shaanxi Province,and to provide decision-making support for disaster prevention and reduction.[Methods]Based on the daily precipitation data of 82 meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province from 1961 to 2021,the characteristics of precipitation variability in different geomorphic types in Shaanxi Province were investigated by linear trend regression and moving average,and the mutation in the trend of the precipitation and its duration was tested by the Mann-Kendall method.[Results]The largest average annual precipitation and precipitation days were found in the mountainous landform region(851.88 mm and 195.92 d),whereas the lowest appeared in the wind erosion landform region(405.07 mm and 85.20 d).The annual precipitation trend was negative in loess highland,hill and tableland,and positive in other geomorphic areas.Summer precipitation accounted for the largest proportion,and showed increasing trend in all geomorphic areas except for tableland.The season with the largest precipitation days in all geomorphic areas was summer.The annual,spring and summer precipitation days in all geomorphic areas showed decreasing trends.A mutation was detected in the annual precipitation days trend in loess tableland areas during 1968.[Conclusion]The annual precipitation and annual precipitation days were larger in the southern region than that in the northern region of Shaanxi Province,and the summer precipitation in most of the geomorphological areas was increasing while the precipitation days were decreasing.In the future,the study of the mechanism of precipitation change should be strengthened.

关 键 词：降水量 降水日数 地貌类型 陕西省 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]