罕台川流域水沙变化及其归因  

Runoff and Sediment Load Variation and Driving Factors in the Hantaichuan Basin

作　　者：赵江涛 赵广举[1,2] 穆兴民[1,2] 陈朝良 王瑞东 张巧兰 ZHAO Jiangtao;ZHAO Guangju;MU Xingmin;CHEN Zhaoliang;WANG Ruidong;ZHANG Qiaolan(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Erdos Hydrological Survey Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Erdos,Inner Mongolia 017200,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯水文勘测局,内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯017200

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第5期169-174,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077076,U2243211)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究孔兑典型支流降水、径流和输沙变化特征,量化气候变化和人类活动对水沙变化的影响,以期揭示孔兑地区水沙演变驱动机制,探究孔兑入黄泥沙减少原因。[方法]以黄河流域十大孔兑典型支流罕台川流域为研究区,基于该流域1980—2018年的年降水、径流和输沙数据,采用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Pettitt突变检验和双累积曲线等方法,探究水沙变化原因。[结果]罕台川流域降水呈非显著上升趋势,径流量呈非显著下降趋势,输沙量呈显著减小趋势(p<0.05)。年径流和年输沙均于1998年发生突变,突变后年均径流量较突变前减少38.61%,而输沙量显著减少,较突变前减少80.61%。[结论]人类活动是罕台川流域水沙减少的主要因素,其对径流量及输沙量减少的贡献率分别为60.38%和59.73%,而降水变化的贡献率分别为39.62%和40.27%。[Objective]The aims are to study the characteristics of precipitation,runoff and sediment transport in typical tributaries of Kongdui,quantify the impact of climate change and human activities on water and sediment changes,so as to reveal the driving mechanism of water and sediment evolution in Kongdui area,and to explore the reasons for the reduction of sediment transferring to Yellow River through Kongdui.[Methods]Based on annual precipitation,runoff and sediment discharge data from 1980 to 2018 in the Hantaichuan Basin,a typical tributary of the 10 Kongdui in the Yellow River Basin,the causes of water and sediment changes were investigated by means of linear trend method,Mann-Kendall trend test,Pettitt catastrophe test and double accumulation curve.[Results]Precipitation and runoff in Hantaichuan watershed showed a non-significant upward trend,while sediment discharge showed a significant downward trend(p<0.05).The annual runoff and annual sediment discharge both changed abruptly in 1998.After the abrupt change,the annual average runoff decreased by 38.61%compared with that before the abrupt change,while the sediment discharge significantly decreased by 80.61%compared with that before the abrupt change.[Conclusion]Human activities are the main factors contributing to the decrease of runoff and sediment discharge in the Hantaichuan Basin,with the contribution rates of 60.38%and 59.73%,respectively,while the contribution rates of precipitation change are 39.62%and 40.27%,respectively.

关 键 词：罕台川流域 径流量 输沙量 水沙关系 归因分析 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]