黄河流域不同水资源区降雨集中度时空演变与驱动力  

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Force of Rainfall Concentration in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：李雪[1] 于坤霞[1] 李鹏[1] 李占斌[1] 杨志 张国军 张晓明[3] 马文涛 LI Xue;YU Kunxia;LI Peng;LI Zhanbin;YANG Zhi;ZHANG Guojun;ZHANG Xiaoming;MA Wentao(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;Ningxia Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station,Yinchuan 750000,China;Ecological Engineering Research Center for Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学,省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]宁夏回族自治区水土保持监测总站,银川750000 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院水利部,水土保持生态工程技术研究中心,北京100000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第5期266-273,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079104,51979290);宁夏区水利科技项目(SBZZ-J-2021-12,SBZZ-J-2021-13);榆林市2018年度科技计划项目(CXY2018-2-19);陕西省重点研发计划(2023-ZDLSF-60)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究黄河流域降雨集中度的时空演变特征及其驱动力,揭示区域降雨的年内分配特征,为流域预防极端降雨及遏制水土流失和水资源规划制定提供一定的科学依据。[方法]基于1961—2018年逐月栅格降雨数据,采用Theil-Sen Median分析和Mann-Kendall检验探究黄河流域降雨集中度变化趋势特征,Morlet小波分析法分析了黄河流域降雨集中度的演变特征,对降雨集中度出现显著性变化的区域,使用交叉小波变换讨论选取的3个大气异常环流因子和太阳黑子对降雨集中度的影响。[结果](1)黄河流域中下游地区年平均降雨量远大于上游,流域中下游的三门峡至花园口及花园口以下等区域年均降雨量最大可达867 mm,而黄河上游的兰州至河口镇北部年均降雨量只有115 mm。(2)黄河流域降雨集中度分布较不均匀,流域龙门至三门峡等地降雨年内变化有明显的季节性,兰州至河口镇的东北部年内变化具有异常集中性。(3)黄河流域降雨集中度变化趋势变化显著的区域主要集中在龙羊峡以上、龙羊峡至兰州及兰州至河口镇区域。(4)太阳黑子和大气环流异常因子对降雨集中度变化均有影响,其中太阳黑子通过影响大气环流异常因子间接影响降雨集中度,而大气环流异常因子直接影响降雨集中度。[结论]黄河流域不同水资源区降雨集中度差异较大,在制定水土流失防治措施及水资源规划政策时,需根据不同水资源区实际降雨情况因地制宜。[Objective]Investigating the spatial and temporal evolution of rainfall concentration in the Yellow River Basin and its driving forces can reveal the intra-annual distribution of rainfall in the region and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of extreme rainfall and the control of soil erosion and water resources planning in the basin.[Methods]Theil-Sen Median analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to investigate the trend characteristics of rainfall concentration in the Yellow River basin based on the month-by-month raster rainfall data from 1961—2018.The influence of the three selected atmospheric anomalous circulation factors and sunspots on rainfall concentration were discussed.[Results](1)The average annual rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin was much greater than that in the upper reaches,with the maximum average annual rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the basin from Sanmenxia to Huankou and below Huankou reaching 867 mm,while the average annual rainfall in the upper reaches of the Yellow River from Lanzhou to the northern part of Hekou town was only 115 mm.(2)The rainfall concentration in the Yellow River Basin varied greatly from watershed to watershed,with significant seasonal variations in the watershed from Longmen to Sanmenxia,and abnormal concentrations in the northeastern part of the watershed from Lanzhou to Hekou town.(3)Areas with significant trends in rainfall concentration in the Yellow River basin mainly concentrated above Longyangxia,from Longyangxia to Lanzhou and from Lanzhou to Hekou town.(4)Both sunspots and atmospheric circulation anomalies had influence on rainfall concentration,with atmospheric circulation anomalies directly influencing rainfall concentration and sunspots indirectly influencing rainfall concentration through atmospheric circulation anomalies.This study investigated the rainfall concentration in the Yellow River Basin,which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention of extreme rainfall and the control of so

关 键 词：降雨集中度 黄河流域 时空演变 驱动力 交叉小波 

分 类 号：TV125[水利工程—水文学及水资源]