《史记》“奉以二千石所不当得”句法辨析  

Syntax Analysis of“Feng Yi Er Qian Dan Suo Bu Dang De”in Shiji

作　　者：张雨涛 ZHANG Yu-tao(College of Arts,Shanghai University,Baoshan 200444,Shanghai)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海宝山200444

出　　处：《陇东学院学报》2023年第4期1-5,共5页Journal of Longdong University

摘　　要：《史记•淮南衡山列传》“奉以二千石所不当得”应该一句连读,“不”也非王念孙认为的是衍文。“所”在这里并不是实指义的代词,而是标记受事的功能词,在汉代语言中“所”常用于主谓结构中,在“N+所+V”格式中已经发展出标记小句受事主语的功能;其次,“动+以+宾”格式中的介词宾语在汉代获得许多新的发展,其主谓句形式便是其中之一的新兴形式,“奉以二千石所不当得”的读法是符合当时语言事实的。《汉书》作“奉以二千石所当得”,之所以存在异文,其原因在于司马迁、班固二人不同的情感角度和立场,即司马迁侧重对事实的评判,而班固注重对事实的描述,最终导致书写策略的不同。The sentence“Feng Yi Er Qian Dan Suo Bu Dang De”in Shiji•Huainan Hengshan Liezhuan should be read together.“Bu”is not a extra text as Wang Niansun had thought.“Suo”is not a pronoun with actual meaning here,but a functional word to mark the patient.In the Han Language,“Suo”is often used in the subject-predicate structure.In the format of“N+Suo+V”,the function of marking the subject of the patient has been developed.Secondly,the prepositional object in the form of“V+Yi+O”obtained new developments in the Han Dynasty,and its subject-predicate sentence form was one of them.The pronunciation of“Feng Yi Er Qian Dan Suo Bu Dang De”was in line with the linguistic facts at that time.It was written as“Feng Yi Er Qian Dan Suo Dang De”in Hanshu.The reason for the existence of different texts is the different emotional angles and positions of Sima Qian and Ban Gu.Sima Qian focused on the judgment of facts while Ban Gu focused on the description of facts,which ultimately leads to the different writing strategies.

关 键 词：史记 所 以 分布考察 书写策略 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]