金钱债务合同僵局的识别与破解  

On the Identification and Solution of Contract Deadlock Caused by Money Debt

作　　者：刘子涵 LIU Zihan(School of Law,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2023年第4期41-52,共12页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：金钱债务合同僵局表现为债务人不愿履行金钱债务,而债权人坚持实际履行。依据金钱债务人不愿继续履行合同的原因,可以区分金钱债务人丧失支付能力、自己原因引起相对方履行不能、订立合同的使用目的实现受到严重影响三种典型情形。对于金钱债务合同僵局的破解,法定解除权规则与违约方起诉解除合同规则无法适用;允许金钱债务人解除合同在价值判断上也不正当。不过,金钱债务合同僵局如果满足情事变更规则的构成要件,可以借助情事变更规则,由双方当事人重新协商直至变更、解除合同。但情事变更规则的适用受到严格限制,借助减损义务规则限制债权人的金钱债务实际履行请求权,倒逼能够合理进行替代交易的债权人解除合同并进行替代交易,是破解金钱债务合同僵局更为可行的路径。The deadlock of a money debt contract indicates that the money debtor is unwilling to fulfill their financial obligations,while the creditor insists on specific performance.The reasons behind the money debtor’s unwillingness to continue the contract can be categorized into three typical situations:the money debtor loses the ability to pay,the money debtor’s actions lead the other party to default,or the money debtor’s ability to fulfill the contract’s purpose is severely impacted.To resolve the deadlock in a money debt contract,the law of rescission right and the law of rescission sued by the defaulting party cannot be applied.Allowing money debtors to rescind contracts,in general,is also not justified in value judgments.However,if the deadlock in the money debt contract meets the criteria for the rule of change of circumstances,both parties can renegotiate the contract or terminate it in accordance with this rule.It’s important to note that the application of the rule of change of circumstances is strictly restricted.A more feasible approach to breaking the deadlock in a money debt contract is to limit the creditor’s claim for the actual performance of the money debt through the rule of derogation obligation.This way,the creditor who can reasonably pursue an alternative transaction can terminate the contract and proceed with the alternative transaction.

关 键 词：合同僵局 金钱债务 情事变更 减损义务 

分 类 号：DF522[政治法律—民商法学]