被动时移地震方法数值模拟  

Numerical Study of Passive Time-lapse Seismic Method

作　　者：郭鑫 邹志辉[1,2,3] Guo Xin;Zou Zhihui(College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong266100,China;Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong 266100,China;Evaluation and Detection Technology Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao Shandong 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学,海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《工程地球物理学报》2023年第4期518-528,共11页Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2021YFE0108800);山东省自然科学基金(编号:ZR2020MD046)。

摘　　要：传统主动源时移地震方法是在不同时间以相同观测方式对研究区重复开展地震探测的一种方法,其在油藏监测中发挥了重要作用,但因成本高、重复采集周期长,难以实现对油藏的连续监测,且人工震源对地表环境有破坏,导致其在实际中难以大规模应用。被动源地震方法无需人工震源,通过对节点地震仪连续采集到的背景噪声进行地震干涉处理,能够得到相应时段的地下结构情况,若应用于连续时间段的地下结构成像,可以实现对地下结构的连续监测。实际背景噪声中以面波为主,基于面波频散曲线提取的被动源地震方法发展较快,但面波勘探范围浅、分辨率低,不能满足油藏监测的需求,如何利用背景噪声中的体波构建更高分辨率的地下结构,并提取地下结构其随时间的变化是实现地下结构动态监测的关键。针对上述问题,本文提出一种被动源时移地震方法,用连续采集的被动源地震数据提取体波地震信号,并提取地下构造成像结果随时间的变化,从而实现对油藏的连续监测。本文采用数值实验研究了基于地下随机震源和地表观测系统提取地下结构的方法,设计了不同的储层速度模型,模拟了对实际油田开发过程中加压驱替油气时储层参数变化的监测。结果表明,被动源地震方法可获取与主动源地震方法类似的成像结果,并且可提取油气储层随时间的变化特征,为实际油田的开发提供了一种连续监测地下油藏变化的新手段。The traditional active source time-lapse seismic method as a method of repeated seismic exploration in the study area at different times with the same observations,plays an important role in reservoir monitoring.However,it is difficult to achieve continuous monitoring of oil reservoirs because of the high cost,long cycle of repeated collection,and artificial seismic sources can cause damage to the surface environment,making it difficult to be applied on a large scale in practice.The passive source seismic method does not require artificial seismic source,and it is able to obtain the subsurface structure situation in the corresponding time period by seismic interferometry processing of the ambient noise continuously acquired by the nodal seismometer.If applied to imaging subsurface structures in continuous time periods,it will enable the continuous monitoring of subsurface structures.The actual ambient noise is dominated by surface waves,and the passive source seismic methods based on surface wave dispersion curve extraction are developing rapidly.However,the surface waves have a shallow exploration range and low resolution,which cannot meet the needs of reservoir monitoring.How to use the body wave in the ambient noise to construct a higher resolution subsurface structure,and extract the subsurface structure its change with time,is the key to achieving dynamic monitoring of subsurface structure.To address the above problems,this paper proposes a passive source time-lapse seismic method,which uses continuously acquired passive source seismic data to extract body wave seismic signals and extract the change of subsurface structures imaging results over time,so as to achieve continuous monitoring of oil reservoirs.In this paper,numerical experiments are used to study the method of extracting subsurface structures based on subsurface random seismic sources and surface observation systems,different reservoir velocity models were designed and simulated to monitor the changes of reservoir parameters during pressurized oi

关 键 词：背景噪声 地震干涉法 时移地震 油藏监测 地震体波 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]