老年家庭照料者的压力与支持政策体系研究  

Caregiving Stress and Support Policy System for the Elderly Family Caregivers

作　　者：李放[1] 饶丹 Li Fang;Rao Dan

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2023年第7期110-120,共11页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然基金面上项目“子女抚育与城镇夫妻劳动配置研究:福利挤压的视角”(71974099);江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“江苏农村困难群体养老服务精准化研究”(22SHC007)。

摘　　要：在人口老龄化程度加剧与家庭结构变迁的共同影响下,形成了老年家庭照料需求激增与家庭照料功能弱化并存的局面。作为老年家庭照料的主要提供者,成年子女在生理、心理、时间、职业、经济和交往等诸多方面承受多元的照料压力,面临着长期照料事件不可逆转、角色冲突难以平衡兼顾、传统性别分工差异固化和外部社会力量支持不足等窘境,迫切需要行之有效的政策支持。受制于政策理念滞后、目标局限、布局偏差和执行掣肘等因素影响,现有支持政策在政策客体、政策内容和政策效果等方面亟待调整。为此,构建完善的老年家庭照料支持政策体系,应坚持家国一体共治合力、动态调整阶段性目标、注重权利与义务相统一的基本原则;遵循政策目标从基础型向发展型过渡、政策内容覆盖范围从特殊性向普惠性扩大、性别观念从差异化向平等化转变的价值导向;持续推进建立需求评估制度、完善顶层设计、丰富政策主题、强调政策落实。The increasing population aging,socio-economic development and family structure changes have led to the coexistence of increasing demand for elderly family care and weakening family care function.As the main providers of family elder care,adult children are under multiple caregiving pressures in physical,psychological,temporal,occupational,economic and social aspects due to irreversible long-term caregiving events,difficult to balance role conflicts,solidified traditional gender division of labor and insufficient external social support.The existing support policies are inadequate in terms of policy objects,policy contents and policy effects due to lagging policy concepts,limited objectives,deviations in layout and implementation constraints.To build a perfect elderly family care support policy system,we should adhere to the basic principles of unity of family and state,dynamic adjustment of milestones,and unity of rights and obligations;follow the value-oriented policy objectives from basic to developmental,expand the coverage of policy contents from special to universal,and change the gender concept from differentiation to equality;at the same time,specific measures such as establishing needs assessment,improving top-level design,enriching policy themes and emphasizing policy implementation are also proposed.

关 键 词：老年家庭 家庭照料者 老年照料压力 支持政策 体系构建 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]