省级人大常委会审查批准设区的市地方性法规的功能定位  

Functional Position of Local Laws and Regulations of Cities Divided into Districts Reviewed and Approved by the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress

作　　者：王翔 Wang Xiang

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第8期42-58,共17页Law Science

基　　金：2021年福建省社科基金青年项目“新发展理念下福建省优化营商环境的法治保障研究”(FJ2021C033)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关于省级人大常委会审查批准设区的市地方性法规的定位分歧不但产生了立法分歧,也造成了司法困境。2018年《宪法修正案》增加了设区的市地方性法规的宪法依据,批准制度的立法监督性质定位已不存在太大争议,但其功能定位尚需系统论证。对批准制度作为一项立法监督制度的功能定位认识的偏差,导致了三方面不利影响:缺乏统一的合法性审查标准影响国家法制统一,缺乏规范的审查批准界限妨碍设区的市立法自主,缺乏明确的批准决定定位导致法规效力误判。批准制度的结构包含批准主体、批准程序和批准客体。在规范逻辑、互动逻辑和历史逻辑的共同指引下,批准主体功能应确保法的确定性,批准程序功能应保证设区的市立法自主性,批准客体功能应平衡法治统一与地方特色。据此,应当针对现有批准制度的不利影响,依据制度的功能定位建立符合立法监督要求的统一合法性审查标准、优化契合设区的市地方立法自主性的程序规则、增加批准决定对合法性问题的识别与认定机制。The disagreement about the nature of the approval system of local regulations of cities divided into districts by the standing committee of the people's congress of provinces has not only led to legislative disagreement,but also caused judicial difficulties.With the constitution amended in 2018,the constitutional basis for local regulations of cities divided into districts was added.The nature of the approval system is no longer controversial,but its functions still need to be systematically demonstrated.The deviation in the function of the approval system as a legislative supervision system has led to three adverse effects:the review standards of legality enacted by some provinces affect the unity of national legal system,the review and approval exceeding the legal limit hinders the power of legislative self-decision of the cities,and it is wrong to judge the effectiveness relationship of legal norms according to the review and approval decision.The structure of the approval system includes the subject,procedure and object.With the guidance of normative logic,interactive logic and historical logic,the approval subject should ensure legal certainty,the approval procedure should ensure the legislative autonomy of the cities divided into districts,and the approval object should balance the unity of the rule of law and local characteristics.However,it is necessary to establish unified legality standards according to the functions of the system firstly.Secondly,the procedural rules should be optimized to improve the autonomy of local legislation of cities divided into districts.Lastly,the recognition mechanism for legal problems should be expanded into approval decisions.

关 键 词：省级人大常委会 审查批准 设区的市地方性法规 功能定位 

分 类 号：D624[政治法律—政治学] D927[政治法律—中外政治制度]