公私协动视野下垄断行为的私法效力认定  

Determination of Private Law Validity of Monopolistic Conduct from the Perspective of Cooperation between Public Law and Private Law

作　　者：王磊[1] Wang Lei

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第8期103-116,共14页Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“侵权损害的限制赔偿原理及规范技术研究”(21CFX036)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：垄断行为的私法效力认定不应该单纯以维护竞争秩序为取向,须注重竞争秩序与私法秩序的协调。总体而言,私法秩序要尊重反垄断法背后的竞争秩序,运用其法技术促进反垄断法规范目的的实现,但也要抵抗反垄断法的侵入,以保全私法的必要机能。应基于垄断行为的具体样态,结合条文的规范旨趣﹑规制对象﹑交易安全﹑公共秩序具体认定垄断行为的私法效力。因垄断协议严重侵害竞争秩序而须否认其法律效力,但可以通过部分无效的方式予以缓和,至于基于垄断协议衍生出来的个别契约,应该结合履行阶段的因素动态地认定其法律效力,以调和交易安全与消费者保护的冲突。滥用市场支配地位具有多元的行为样态,应分别从公法制裁与私法评价的维度作出灵活认定,原则上应承认掠夺性定价的私法效力,将其他行为认定为相对无效则更能协调私法秩序与竞争秩序的关系。此外,单纯违反程序性规定的经营者集中只需公法制裁即可,只有违反实体标准的经营者集中才需要否认私法效力,但仍应基于法秩序的统一性避免评价矛盾。Monopolistic acts'private law effects should not be oriented solely to preservation of the competitive order,but must focus on coordination of competitive order and private law order.In general,private law order should respect competitive order behind antitrust law and use its legal techniques to realize regulatory purpose of antitrust law,but also to resist the intrusion of antitrust law in order to preserve necessary functions of private law.Private law effects of monopolistic acts should be determined on the specific type of monopolistic acts,the normative purpose of the provisions,the object of regulation,the safety of transactions and public order.Legal effect of monopoly agreement must be denied because it seriously infringes competitive order,but it can be limitedly mitigated by partial invalidation.As for individual contracts derived from monopoly agreement,legal effect should be dynamically determined by taking the factors of the performance stage into account in order to reconcile the conflict between transaction security and consumer protection.In principle,private law effect of predatory pricing should be recognized,while relative invalidity of other acts can better reconcile private law order with competition order.In addition,the concentration of operators that simply violate procedural regulations only needs public law sanctions,while only concentration of operators that violate substantive standards needs to be denied private law effects,but contradictory evaluation should still be avoided based on the unity of legal order.

关 键 词：垄断行为 私法效力 竞争秩序 私法秩序 规范目的 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]