比例原则私法化的体系定位与调整对象  

The Positioning of Proportionality in Private Law and the Objects to be Regulated

作　　者：冷传莉[1] Leng Chuanli

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2023年第4期99-116,共18页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：当下比例原则的适用形态出现了从其原初定位的行为规范立场向工具方法、法律方法论、一般法理念发生多重嬗变的泛化倾向。引起比例原则向技术方法、一般法理念嬗变的原因是论者没有坚守比例原则的概念内涵,而引起比例原则向法律方法论嬗变的原因则是论者混淆了法律规范意义上的行为规范和法律方法论的概念内涵,乃至错将本就在行为规范形态上适用的比例原则误认为是在法律方法论形态上适用的比例原则。事实上,比例原则在私法中的适用从未脱离其原初定位的行为规范立场,旨在调整权利发生冲突时任何一方权利主体的权利行使行为,此系由权利冲突的发生原理及其规制逻辑所共同决定的。其中,适当性原则判断两个权利是否发生了权利冲突,必要性原则继续厘定二者各自于权利交叉范围下真正发生冲突的两个“权利部分”,均衡性原则最后确定该两个“权利部分”的权利位阶,从而妥适决定权利发生冲突时任何一方权利主体能否行使其权利及权利行使限度。该结论可见于本土累积的民事规范与判例实践。The proportionality principle,in current practice,has undergone multiple transformations,moving from its original position as a behavioral norm to positions encompassing legal techniques,methodology,and general legal principles.The reason for the migration towards technical methods and general legal principles lies in scholars'failure to stick to the conceptual connotation of the proportionality principle.Similarly,the confusion between behavioral norms in the context of legal norms and legal methodology has led to the misconception that the proportionality principle applies to legal methodology instead of behavioral norms.In fact,the principle of proportionality it its application in private law has never departed from its original position as a behavioral norm.Its purpose is to regulate the exercise of rights when conflicts arise between parties,which is determined by the causation for conflicts of interests and the logic for resolving them.Specifically,in its application,the principle of properness determines whether two rights are in conflict;the principle of necessity further identifies the specific conflicting aspects within the overlapping scope of rights;and the principle of balance ultimately determines the hierarchy of these conflicting aspects.This ensures a fair resolution of conflicts and determines the extent to which each party can exercise their rights.Such practice can be found common in the accumulated normative and jurisprudential cases in China.

关 键 词：比例原则私法化 体系定位 行为规范立场 权利冲突 规制原理 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]