控股股东信义义务的理论反思与类型化  

Theorizing and Categorizing Controlling Shareholders'Fiduciary Duties

作　　者：邹学庚 Zou Xuegeng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2023年第4期150-165,共16页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：我国学界多数意见主张公司法应构建控股股东的信义义务,但既有研究尚未澄清其内涵和外延。在内涵上,控股股东信义义务是填补“公司合同”漏洞的法律技术,旨在赋予法官在个案中的裁量权,将公平、正义和良心等人类社会共同价值准则引入公司法,以应对控股股东在公司治理中引发的各类问题。在外延上,根据权利义务相统一原则,依行使权利/职权的不同,可将控股股东信义义务分为行使股东会职权时的专属信义义务、行使董事会职权时的董事信义义务和出售控制权时的特殊信义义务三类。如此划分,能够恰当协调控股股东作为股东有权追求“私益”与作为全体股东受托人须为“共益”服务之间的冲突。In the majority of opinions in China's academic community,it is widely suggested that company law should establish fiduciary duties for controlling shareholders.However,existing research has yet to clarify the precise meaning and scope of these duties.In terms of meaning,the controlling shareholder's fiduciary duties serve as legal mechanism to address gaps in"corporate contract."Their purpose is to grant judges discretionary power in individual cases,incorporating principles of fairness,justice and conscience as shared societal values into company law.This aims to tackle the various issues that arise from controlling shareholder in corporate governance.Regarding the scope,following the principle of unified rights and obligations,the fiduciary duties of controlling shareholders can be categorized into three types:exclusive fiduciary duties in the exercise of shareholders'meeting powers,director fiduciary duties in the exercise of board powers and special fiduciary duties in the sale of control rights.This classification effectively balances the conflicting interests between controlling shareholders seeking"private interests"as shareholders on one hand and fulfilling their roles as trustees for the"common interests"of all shareholders on the other.

关 键 词：控股股东 信义义务 公司合同理论 公司治理 类型化 

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