廊坊市某化工企业化验室4种职业健康风险评估方法的应用  

Application of four occupational health risk assessment methods in laboratory of a chemical enterprise in Langfang City

作　　者：汪凤娇 田海霞 郭航 王丹 WANG Fengjiao;TIAN Haixia;GUO Hang;WANG Dan(Evaluation Department,Occupational Health Technology Service Center,Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital,Langfang Hebei,065000,China;Central Laboratory,Occupational Health Technology Service Center,Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital,Langfang Hebei,065000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北中石油中心医院职业卫生技术服务中心评价部,河北廊坊065000 [2]河北中石油中心医院职业卫生技术服务中心中心实验室,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第14期1891-1896,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：2020年廊坊市科学技术研究与发展计划(第二批)自筹经费项目(2020013135)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨4种职业健康风险评估方法对化工企业化验室的适用性。方法 2021年11—12月,对廊坊市某化工企业化验室开展现场职业卫生调查,使用新加坡化学毒物职业暴露半定量风险评估方法(singapore ministry of manpower,MOM)、国际采矿和金属委员会职业健康风险评估方法(international council on mining and metals,ICMM)的赋值定量法、矩阵法及国际化学品控制工具箱职业健康风险评估方法(international chemical control toolki,ICCT)对化验员接触的化学毒物进行职业健康风险评估。结果 MOM法评估化验员接触风险等级结果为石油醚为中等风险,芳烃溶剂油、二甲苯、二乙二醇甲醚、柴油为低风险,其他均为可忽略风险。ICMM赋值定量法评估化验员接触风险等级结果为芳烃溶剂油、二甲苯、原油、石油醚、二乙二醇甲醚、异辛醇为高风险,乙醇、柴油为可容忍的风险。ICMM矩阵法评估化验室作业场所为无或非常低风险。ICCT法评估评估化验室使用石油醚作业场所为较大可能发生职业病危害,其他作业场所较小可能发生职业病危害。结论 4种风险评估方法对化验室评估均有一定适用性。化验室优先考虑MOM风险评估法,其次ICMM赋值定量法;ICCT评估法、ICMM矩阵法操作简单,可指导中小型企业化验室快速开展职业健康风险评估工作。Objective To explore the applicability of four occupational health risk assessment methods to the laboratory of chemical enterprises.Methods From November to December 2021,an occupational health survey was conducted in the laboratory of a chemical enterprise in Langfang City.The occupational health risk of chemical poisons exposed to laboratory workers was assessed by the semi quantitative risk assessment method for occupational exposure to chemical poisons of Singapore ministry of manpower(MOM),the assignment quantitative method and matrix method of occupational health risk assessment method of the international council on mining and metals(ICMM),and the occupational health risk assessment method of the international chemical control toolki(ICCT).Results By the MOM method,the exposure risks level of laboratory workers were as follows:petroleum ether was medium risk,aromatic solvent oil,xylene,diethylene glycol methyl ether and diesel oil were low risk,and others were negligible risk.By the assignment quantitative method of the ICMM,the exposure risks level of laboratory workers were as follows:aromatic solvent oil,xylene,crude oil,petroleum ether,diethylene glycol methyl ether and isooctanol were high risks,and ethanol and diesel oil were tolerable risks.By the matrix method of the ICMM,the laboratory workplace had no or very low risks.By the ICCT method,petroleum ether in the laboratory was more likely to cause occupational hazards,and other workplaces were less likely to cause occupational hazards.Conclusions The four risk assessment methods are applicable to laboratory assessment.The laboratory gives priority to MOM risk assessment method,followed by ICMM assignment quantitative method.The ICCT assessment method and ICMM matrix method are simple to operate and can guide the laboratories of small and medium-sized enterprises to quickly carry out occupational health risk assessment.

关 键 词：化工企业化验室 化学毒物 健康风险 风险评估 

分 类 号：R135.11[医药卫生—劳动卫生]