2009—2021年凉山州甘洛县新发尘肺病发病特征分析  

Analysis on characteristics of new pneumoconiosis cases in Ganluo County of Liangshan Prefecture from 2009-2021

作　　者：龙怡蒨 王晓林 蒙庆春[1] LONG Yiqian;WAHG Xiaolin;MENG Qingchun(Second Monitoring Department,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Mianzhu City,Deyang Sichuan,618200,China;Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Ganluo County,Liangshan Sichuan,616850,China)

机构地区：[1]绵竹市疾病预防控制中心监测二科,四川德阳618200 [2]凉山州甘洛县疾病预防控制中心,四川凉山州616850

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第14期1901-1904,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 了解凉山州甘洛县新发尘肺病的发病特征,为该县职业病防治提供依据。方法 收集“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”中2009—2021年已诊断新发尘肺病患者信息,按照国家颁布的尘肺病分类及国民经济行业分类,分析其发病流行特征。结果 2009—2021年凉山州甘洛县共报告新发尘肺病患者1 064例,99.91%为男性,以矽肺为主,占99.44%。新发尘肺病患者于2011年达高峰,后呈下降趋势。企业规模以小型企业为主,行业以采矿业为主,98.21%分布在有色金属矿采选业;73.97%为凿岩工。接尘工龄5~<10年组尘肺病患者占55.64%,且全部为矽肺;各期尘肺发病年龄中位数M分别为44.0、44.0和43.5岁,趋于一致,接尘工龄M分别为6.08、6.29和7.25年。随着接尘工龄的增加,尘肺也越严重(关联系数G=0.219,P<0.01),凿岩工与爆破工的接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 凉山州甘洛县新发尘肺病总体呈现接尘工龄较短、发病年龄较小、群发性等特点。虽然近年发病率明显降低,但结合职业健康检查率低、职业卫生工作不全面的情况,整体形势偏严峻,应重视并加强职业卫生管理。Objective To understand the characteristics of new pneumoconiosis cases in Ganluo County of Liangshan Prefecture,provide basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the county.Methods The information of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients from 2009 to 2021 was collected from the"occupational disease and health hazard monitoring information system".According to the national classification of pneumoconiosis and the national economic industry classification,its epidemic characteristics were analyzed using relevant statistical software.Results From 2009 to 2021,1064 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Ganluo County of Liangshan Prefecture,99.91%of them were male and 99.44%cases were silicosis.The number of new pneumoconiosis cases peaked in 201l,and then showed a downward trend.The scale of enterprises was mainly small enterprises.The industry was mainly mining industry,98.21%distributed in non-ferrous metal mining and dressing industry,and 73.97%were rock drillers.55.64%of pneumoconiosis patients had been exposed to dust for 5-<10 years,and all of them were silicosis patients.The median(M)of onset age of pneumoconiosis in each stage was 44.0,44.0 and 43.5 years old,respectively,which tended to be the consistent.The median(M)of dust exposureduration was 6.08,6.29 and 7.25 years,respectively.The pneumoconiosis became more severe with the increase of dust exposure duration(correlation coefficient G=0.219,P<0.01).There was statistically significant difference in dust exposure duration between rock drillers and blasting workers(P<0.01).Conclusions The new pneumoconiosis cases in Ganluo County of Liangshan Prefecture is generally characterized by short dust exposure duration,young onset age,and mass cases.Although the incidence rate has significantly decreased in recent years,the occupational health examination rate is low,the occupational health work is not comprehensive,and the overall situation is grim.Therefore,it is necessary to pay more attention to it and strengthen occupational he

关 键 词：甘洛县 尘肺病 发病特征 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]