基于区域自动气象站的海南岛暴雨气候特征分析  

Climate Characteristics Analysis of Rainstorms Based on Regional Automatic Weather Stations on Hainan Island

作　　者：林绍伍 吴慧[1,2] 方勉[2,3] 张亚杰 LIN Shaowu;WU hui;FANG mian;ZHANG Yajie(Climate Center of Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China;South China Sea Meteorology and Disaster Mitigation Research Key Laboratory,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China;Sanya Meteorological Service,Sanya,Hainan 572002,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省气候中心,海南海口570203 [2]海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口570203 [3]海南省三亚市气象局,海南三亚572002

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2023年第7期75-83,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省气象局青年基金项目(No.hnqxZC202101);海南省气象局科研项目(No.hnqxSJ202127)。

摘　　要：基于2011―2020年海南岛18个国家气象观测站和300个区域自动气象站的逐日降水资料,对区域站不同等级暴雨的时空分布特征进行了分析,并与国家站进行若干对比。结果表明:(1)区域站的降水量与国家站均呈正相关关系,并通过α=0.01显著性检验,区域站各等级暴雨主要发生在汛期5―10月,发生频率占全年的85.3%~89.1%;各等级暴雨频率均为双峰型分布,其中暴雨和大暴雨的主峰月出现在10月,特大暴雨在8月,次峰月分别出现在8、7和4月。(2)区域站各等级暴雨均以局地为主,占各等级暴雨总数的88.4%~90.0%,小范围各等级暴雨占9.4%~10.2%,区域性以上各等级暴雨极少发生;不同范围的暴雨、大暴雨主要发生在汛期,特大暴雨只在7―11月的局地或小范围出现。(3)区域站一年四季均有持续1 d的暴雨和大暴雨发生,持续3 d的特大暴雨及持续3 d以上的大暴雨和特大暴雨全年未出现过。(4)区域站汛期各月各等级暴雨日数和日最大降水量均具有不同的空间分布特征,其中暴雨和大暴雨日数次多和最多的9、10月,基本表现为东多西少的分布;特大暴雨在8月范围最大,主要出现在西北部地区。(5)区域站在时间和空间上均能观测到更多、更强的极端强降水。Based on the daily precipitation data of 18 national meteorological stations and 300 regional automatic weather stations in Hainan Island from 2011 to 2020,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of different grades of rainstorms in the regional stations were analyzed,and some comparisons were made with the national stations.The results show that:(1)The precipitation of the regional stations is positively correlated with the national stations and has passed theα=0.01 significance test.The rainstorms of various grades at the regional stations mainly occur in the flood season from May to October,and the frequency of occurrence accounts for 85.3%-89.1%of the year.The frequency of rainstorms at each grade is a bimodal distribution,in which the prime peak month of rainstorms and heavy rainstorms occurs in October,the torrential rainstorm occurs in August,and the secondary peak months appear in August,July,and April,respectively.(2)The rainstorms of all grades at regional stations are mainly local,accounting for 88.4%-90.0%of the total heavy rains of all grades,and small-scale rainstorms of all grades account for 9.4%-10.2%.Regional rainstorms of all grades rarely occur.Rainstorms and heavy rainstorms of different ranges mainly occur in the flood season,and torrential rainstorms only occur locally or in a small area from July to November.(3)There are rainstorms and heavy rainstorms lasting for one day,rainstorms lasting two days all year round at regional stations,and torrential rainstorms lasting more than three days that have not occurred throughout the year.(4)The number of rainstorm days and the daily maximum precipitation of each grade in each month during the flood season at regional stations have different spatial distribution characteristics.Among them,September and October,when the number of rainstorms and heavy rainstorm days are more frequent and the largest,are characterized by the distribution of more east and less west;the highest range of torrential rainstorms is in August,mainly in the no

关 键 词：不同等级暴雨 区域站 时空分布特征 海南岛 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]