基于二氧化硅气凝胶的多层隔热结构设计与隔热效果评价  

Multilayer Thermal Insulation Structure Design and Thermal Insulation Effect Evaluation Based on Silica Aerogel

作　　者：王蓉[1] 赵梓文 唐秀之[1] WANG Rong;ZHAO Ziwen;TANG Xiuzhi(Institute of Aerospace Technology,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学航空航天技术研究院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《河南科技》2023年第14期51-56,共6页Henan Science and Technology

摘　　要：【目的】多孔隔热材料因其在设计性、功能化和易于组装方面的优势而被广泛应用,但需要解决其在短期和高效隔热方面存在的重大障碍。【方法】为解决这个问题,以硅气凝胶为主体、石蜡为相变材料(PCM),构建多层隔热结构(MTIS)。通过优化分层结构,记录冷端随时间变化的温度,并评估其隔热性能。【结果】研究发现,MTIS的隔热性能与所应用的PCM和组装方式密切相关。在各种组合中,以石蜡填充气凝胶为中间层的叠层(双层)夹层结构具有优异的隔热性能。在300°C下加热10 min后,10 mm的多层夹层结构的冷端温度仅为59°C,显著低于其他模式下的67°C或71°C。【结论】这种优化设计的本质是改变MTIS的热平衡路径,来实现短期和高效的隔热,使其在各种隔热应用中具有一定的通用性。[Purposes] Porous thermal insulation materials have gained popularity due to their advantages in designability,functionalization,and ease of assembly,but it is necessary to solve significant technical barriers in short-term and high-efficiency insulation.[Methods] To address this issue,in this work,silica aerogel was used as the main body and paraffin was adopted as the phase change material(PCM) to construct a multilayer thermal insulation structure(MTIS).By optimizing the layered structure,the timevaried temperature of the cold end was recorded to evaluate the thermal insulation performances.[Findings] It is found that the thermal insulation performances of MTIS are strongly related to the applied PCM and the assemble modes.The results confirm the stacked(double) sandwich structure with paraffinfilled aerogel as the middle layer has the superior thermal insulation among various combinations.After being heated at 300 ℃ for 10 minutes,the cold-end temperature of a 10 mm multilayer sandwich structure is only 59 ℃,remarkably lower than 67 or 71 ℃ in the other modes.[Conclusions] The essence of this optimal design is to alter the thermal balance path of the MTIS to achieve short-term and highefficiency insulation,making it a certain universality in various heat insulation applications.

关 键 词：多层隔热气凝胶 相变材料 高效率 

分 类 号：TG333[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]