热场辅助电磁脉冲焊接Al/Cu异种金属接头组织性能研究  

Study on Microstructure and Properties of Al/Cu Joints Fabricated by Heat-assisted Electromagnetic Pulse Welding

作　　者：陈玉华[1] 吴鸿燕[2] 周春培 贾立超[3] 沈文龙 谢吉林[1] CHEN Yuhua;WU Hongyan;ZHOU Chunpei;JIA Lichao;SHEN Wenlong;XIE Jilin(Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Forming and Joining Technology for Aviation Components,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China;School of Marine Engineering,Jiujiang Vocational and Technical College,Jiujiang 332007,China;Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学航空构件成形与连接江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330063 [2]九江职业技术学院船舶工程学院,江西九江332007 [3]中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《电焊机》2023年第8期16-21,共6页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52175326);江西省科技合作专项项目(20212BDH81007);江西省科技厅国家科技奖后备项目培育(20212AEI91004)。

摘　　要：采用热场辅助电磁脉冲焊接技术对Al/Cu异种金属进行焊接,对比分析了热场温度分别为室温、100℃和200℃条件下焊接接头的宏观形貌、界面组织及力学性能。结果表明:热场辅助电磁脉冲焊接技术能够实现Al/Cu异种金属的优质焊接;随着热场温度的增加,焊接接头有效结合区的尺寸增大。而波状界面形貌随着热场温度不同呈现不同的形态,室温下界面呈现正弦波和剪切波的混合波形,100℃下呈不规则的嵌入式波形形貌,200℃下的形貌与室温类似,但是界面反应层的厚度最大;三种温度下的界面反应区都检测到了Al-Cu化合物的存在。力学性能测试结果表明,随着热场温度的升高,焊接接头的力学性能逐渐提高。当加热温度为200℃时,焊接接头的抗拉剪力达到了4076 N;所有试样都在界面处发生断裂,断裂区域存在断口形貌呈现“河流状”和韧窝结构混合形式,推断焊接接头的失效模式为韧脆混合断裂。在外场温度作用下,焊接接头的有效结合区增大,界面波形结构发生改变,进而有效地提升了接头的力学性能。The Al/Cu dissimilar metals were welded using the external heating assisted magnetic pulse welding technique,and a comparative analysis was conducted on the macroscopic morphology,interface structure,and mechanical properties of the welded joints under different external heating temperatures,namely room temperature,100℃,and 200℃.The results demonstrate that the external heating assisted electromagnetic pulse welding technique can achieve high-quality welding of Al/Cu dissimilar metals.With increasing external heating temperature,the size of the effective bonding area of the welded joint increases.The wavy interface morphology exhibits different forms depending on the external heating temperature:at room temperature,the interface shows a mixed waveform of sine waves and shear waves;at 100℃,an irregular embedded waveform morphology is formed;at 200℃,the morphology is similar to that at room temperature,but the thickness of the interface reaction layer is maximum.Al-Cu compounds were detected in the interface reaction zones under all three conditions.The mechanical property test results indicate that as the external heating temperature increases,the mechanical performance of the welded joint gradually improves.When the heating temperature is 200℃,the tensile-shear strength of the welded joint reaches 4076 N.All specimens fractured at the joint interface,exhibiting a mixed fracture morphology of"river-like"and ductile dimples,suggesting a ductile-brittle mixed fracture as the failure mode of the welded joint.Under the influence of the external heating,the increase in the effective bonding area of the welded joint and the changes in the inter‐face waveform structure effectively enhance the mechanical properties of the joint.

关 键 词：电磁脉冲焊接 热场辅助 Al/Cu异种金属 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG457.1[金属学及工艺—焊接]