塔河下游典型绿洲灌区不同土地利用类型土壤的盐渍化特征  

Soil Salinization Characteristics of Different Land Use Types in a Typical Oasis Irrigation Area of Lower Tarim River

作　　者：翟江蕊 白云岗 加孜拉 柴仲平[1] 丁邦新 郑明 潘雄凯 Zhai Jiangrui;Baiyun Gang;Jia Zila;Chai Zhongping;Ding Bangxin;Zheng Ming;Pan Xiongkai(College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjian Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830049,China;College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第3期69-79,85,共12页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区少数民族特培项目“生物菌肥对微咸水灌溉棉田水盐运移的作用及棉花生长促生机制的研究”(2022D03009)。

摘　　要：[目的]探明干旱区绿洲不同土地利用方式下土壤的盐渍化特征,为区域土地资源可持续有效利用提供支撑。[方法]运用GPS定位技术对塔河下游灌溉用水、地下水以及4种典型土地利用方式下的土壤分不同季节进行调查与采样,并结合室内测定结果,对灌区内的盐分、盐分离子变化特征及其成因进行分析。[结果]研究区土壤呈碱性,盐分类型主要为硫酸盐—氯化物型,盐分含量在2.44~118.05 g/kg之间,pH值范围在8.05~8.34之间,不同土地利用类型下土壤盐分含量和pH值在各季节的整体变化均表现为:盐荒地>盐碱草地>耕地和林地。从不同土层深度来看,耕地的盐分在6月和10月呈表聚型,在3月和12月无明显规律,盐荒地和盐碱草地在不同季节下不同土层深度的盐分变化均呈明显的表聚型,林地在各季节下无明显规律。研究区受水库地理位置影响地下水水位较浅(1.4~3.51 m),地下水矿化度较高(1.56~21.30 g/L),灌溉用水、地下水中的盐分离子均以Na^(+)和Cl^(-)为主。[结论]研究区不同土地利用类型下的土壤盐渍化特征主要是受地表覆盖度、作物种植类型、灌溉事件等因素的影响。地下水和灌溉水水质是影响研究区土壤盐分含量和盐分离子类型的重要因子,从保护现有耕地和林地的角度出发,应采取一定措施控制地下水水位和盐分含量,建议将农田灌溉排水排向盐分含量较高的盐荒地。未来可针对农用地、盐荒地的空间配置开展相关研究,合理配置排盐地会有利于农田的脱盐。[Objective]The soil salinization characteristics under different land use types in extremely arid regions were analyzed in order to provide support for the sustainable efficient utilization of regional land resources.[Methods]We used GPS positioning technology to investigate and sample the irrigation water,irrigation drainage,and soil under four typical land use types in the area of Lower Tarm River in different seasons.We combined those data with indoor measurement results to determine the variation characteristics of salinity and salt ions in the irrigation area.[Results]The soil in the study area was alkaline,and the salt type was mainly sulfate-chloride.The salt content was between 2.44 and 118.05 g/kg,and the pH value was between 8.05 and 8.34.The overall changes of soil salt content and pH value under different land use types in each season followed the order of salt wasteland>saline-alkali grassland>cultivated land and forest land.Analysis of samples from different soil depths indicated surface accumulation of salinity in June and October,and no obvious pattern in March and December.There was an obvious surface accumulation of salt in salt wasteland and saline-alkali grassland in different seasons at different soil depths.Forest land had no obvious salt accumulation pattern in each season.Because of the geographical location of the reservoir,the groundwater level in the study area was shallow(1.4—3.51 m),the groundwater salinity was high(1.56—21.30 g/L),and the salt ions in irrigation water and groundwater were mainly Na^(+)and Cl^(-).[Conclusion]The soil salinization characteristics under different land use types in the study area were mainly affected by factors such as surface coverage,crop types,and irrigation events.The quality of groundwater and irrigation water was an important factor affecting the soil salt content and salt ion type in the study area.Certain measures should be taken to control the groundwater level and salt content so as to protect existing cultivated land and forest land.The ir

关 键 词：土壤盐分 离子 干旱区 土地利用方式 盐渍化 塔河 绿洲灌区 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] U412.14[农业科学—农业基础科学]