扰动方式对典型草原区路域植被和土壤的影响  

Effects of Disturbance Modes on Vegetation and Soil in Typical Grassland Area

作　　者：张朕 刘宝河 茶娜 苏非非 王嫣娇 王国立 李龙 Zhang Zhen;Liu Baohe;Cha Na;Su Feifei;Wang Yanjiao;Wang Guoli;Li Long(School of Desert Management,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Transportation Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010000,China;Inner Mongolia Highway Transportation Investment and Development Co.,Ltd.Chifeng Branch,Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia 024000,China;Inner Mongolia Highway Transportation Investment and Development Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China;Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosystem Protection and Restoration,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]内蒙古交通设计研究院有限责任公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [3]内蒙古公路交通投资发展有限公司赤峰分公司,内蒙古赤峰市024000 [4]内蒙古公路交通投资发展有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [5]荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第3期86-95,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“内蒙古特殊环境公路灾变机理及综合防控成套技术研究”(zdzx2018041)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析不同扰动方式对内蒙古典型草原区土壤理化性质及植被特征的影响,为探索路域生态环境恢复规律,采用合理的恢复措施提供科学依据。[方法]以锡林郭勒草原区3条公路(G303锡市—阿巴嘎旗段、G207锡市—西乌珠穆沁旗段、G207锡市—乌日图塔拉苏木段)为研究对象,采用空间代替时间的方法,调查研究了不同恢复年限(1,5,15 a)与不同扰动方式(碾压、路堑、取土场、路堤)路域土壤和植被特征。[结果]①扰动方式对土壤理化性质有显著影响,其中土壤容重表现为:碾压>路堤>路堑>取土场。随恢复年限增加,土壤容重表现为向未扰动区容重靠近趋势。土壤含水率表现为:碾压<路堑<取土场<路堤,总体呈随恢复年限延长而增大趋势。土壤有机碳、全磷和全钾含量皆表现出碾压样地最差,路堤样地最优。②植物群落丰富度指数随恢复年限的增加显先增高后降低最终趋于稳定趋势,其中恢复5 a物种多样性指数相比于恢复15 a高。③主成分分析得出,恢复15 a的路堤、路堑、取土场扰动综合排名较高,其综合得分分别达到了2.33,1.42,1.32,碾压扰动的综合得分均处在最低水平,得分相比于未扰动区有明显差距,说明对生态系统破坏较为严重。[结论]受到扰动的土壤理化性质及植被指数与未扰动土壤对比有很大差异,填方的土壤养分含量较高,而挖方土壤与未扰动区域相比,养分含量有明显缺失,需加强对该扰动区域的生态保护力度。[Objective]The effect of different disturbance modes on soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation characteristics of typical grassland areas in Inner Mongolia were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for restoring the ecological environment following road construction and for adopting reasonable restoration measures.[Methods]Three highways(G303 Xilinhot-Abaga section,G207 Xilinhot-Xiwuzhumuqin section,G207 Xilinhot-Uritutala village section)in the Xilinguole brassland area were studied.Using the method of space instead of time,the soil and vegetation characteristics of a road ecosystem under different numbers of restoration years(1,5,15 years)and different disturbance modes(rolling,cutting,borrow pit,embankment)were investigated.[Results]①Disturbance mode had a significant impact on soil physical and chemical properties,and soil bulk density followed the disturbance mode order of rolling>embankment>cutting>borrow pit.As the number of restoration years increased,soil bulk density approached the bulk density of the undisturbed area.Soil moisture content followed the disturbance mode order of rolling<cutting<borrow pit<embankment,and soil moisture increased as the number of restoration years increased.Soil organic carbon,total phosphorus,and total potassium contents were lowest for the rolling disturbance mode,and highest for the embankment disturbance mode.②The plant community richness index initially increased,then decreased,and finally stabilized.Species diversity index for the 5-year restoration period was higher than for the 15-year restoration period.③From the principal component analysis of relevant data,the comprehensive ranking of embankment,cutting,and borrow pit disturbance after 15 years of recovery was high,and the comprehensive scores were 2.33,1.42 and 1.32,respectively.The comprehensive scores of rolling disturbance were the lowest,and damage to the ecosystem was the most serious.[Conclusion]There were significant differences in the physical and chemical properties and ve

关 键 词：公路路域 土壤理化性质 生态恢复 典型草原区 主成分分析 公路扰动 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]