考虑场所吸引度的片区震后固定避难空间优化  

Optimization of post-earthquake resident emergency congregate shelters space in the urban area considering attraction degree of shelters

作　　者：刘晓然 张略淼 甄纪亮 王威[3] LIU Xiaoran;ZHANG Luemiao;ZHEN Jiliang;WANG Wei(School of Science,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102616,China;School of Civil Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102616,China;Faculty of Urban Construction,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学理学院,北京102616 [2]北京建筑大学土木与交通学院,北京102616 [3]北京工业大学城市建设学部,北京100124

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2023年第4期139-147,共9页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51908025,52278472);北京市教育委员会科技计划一般项目(KM202010016001);教育部人文社科项目(20YJCZH242);北京建筑大学金字塔人才培养工程(JDYC20200326);北京市自然科学基金项目(8232004)。

摘　　要：为改善城市老旧片区震后中长期避难空间,提高固定避难效益,针对老旧片区避难效率低、疏散无序性突出和避难资源分配失衡等问题。考虑固定避难阶段避难场所与疏散人员的吸引关系,提出了基于断裂点理论的固定避难场所责任区域划分方法,并以避难场所吸引度为切入点提出优化方案,应用复杂网络理论构建片区疏散网络进行综合分析。研究结果表明:对片区固定避难空间优化后,片区整体疏散效率得到明显提升,整体疏散时长最优可至43 min;根据避难吸引度进一步优化场所责任范围可实现片区避难资源供需均衡,片区整体固定避难效益得到有效提高。The aim of this study is to improve the medium-long term shelter space in old urban areas after earthquakes and enhance the benefits of emergency congregate shelter.In order to solve the problems of low evacuation efficiency,prominent evacuation disorder and unbalanced distribution of evacuation resources in old areas,this paper first develops a responsibility area dividing method of resident emergency congregate shelters based on the breaking point theory by considering the attraction relationship between shelter and evacuees in the emergency congregate shelter stage.Then the optimization schemes of congregate shelter space are obtained taking the attractiveness of the shelter as an entry point.Finally,the complex network theory is applied to construct an area evacuation network for comprehensive analysis.The research results show that the overall evacuation efficiency of the area can be significantly improved after optimizing the emergency congregate shelter space in the area,where the evacuation time can be optimized to 43 minutes.Furthermore,it is helpful not only to achieve a balanced supply and demand of shelter resources in the area after optimizing the scope of shelter responsibility according to the refuge attractiveness,but also effectively improve the overall emergency congregate shelter benefit.

关 键 词：固定避难 无序性 吸引度 断裂点理论 复杂网络 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]