返乡劳动者期望工资对其忠诚度的影响:基于经济实验的研究  

The Influence of Expected Wages of Returning Rural Workers on Their Job Loyalty:A Study Based on Economic Experiments

作　　者：周平[1] 渠涛[1] 蒲业潇[1] ZHOU Ping;QU Tao;PU Yexiao(Institute of Regional Economics,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学区域经济研究院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《经济论坛》2023年第7期65-79,共15页Economic Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“乡村振兴进程中返乡劳动力增收影响因素与保障机制研究”(19BJY150)。

摘　　要：返乡劳动者是具有外出务工经历属性的特殊劳动群体,存在较强的既往经历路径依赖。根据礼物交换理论,通过设定期望工资基数(DSB)作为判断劳动力使用者(企业)与劳动者互惠关系的参照基准,利用实验经济学的研究方法,探讨验证了不同就业条件下DSB水平对返乡劳动者工作忠诚度的影响。研究表明,忠诚度是劳动者收入的递增函数,返乡劳动者的工资水平对其工作忠诚度水平产生显著正向影响;充分就业条件下,DSB减弱了企业与返乡劳动者双方的互惠作用,降低了以工资为条件的忠诚度水平,同时带来就业率的下降;无DSB条件控制时,忠诚度较高,但当存在就业不充分的情况时,基于收入条件的忠诚度水平有所提升。以上结果可以更好地理解返乡劳动者群体特性,对促进现实经济发展具有政策启示意义。Returning rural laborers are a special group with the attributes of working experience outside,and have strong path dependence on past experiences.Based on the gift exchange theory,this paper sets the desired sala-ry base(DSB)as a reference to judge the reciprocal relationship between labor users(enterprises)and workers,and uses the research method of experimental economics to explore and verify the influence of DSB level on the job loyal-ty of returning rural workers under different employment conditions.The research shows that:Loyalty is an increas-ing function of workers’income,and the wage level of returning rural workers has a significant positive impact on their job loyalty level;under the conditions of full employment,DSB weakens the reciprocal effect between enterpris-es and returning rural workers,reduces the level of loyalty on the condition of wages,and meanwhile,brings about the decrease of employment rate;under the conditions of non-DSB,loyalty is higher,but when there is insufficient employment,the level of loyalty based on the income condition is somewhat improved.The above results contribute to a better understanding of the group characteristics of returning rural workers,and meanwhile,have policy implica-tions for promoting the development of present economy.

关 键 词：返乡劳动者 互惠性 期望工资基准 工作忠诚度 就业 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]