中国4省农村地区肝癌预防知信行变化情况  

Changes in knowledge,attitudes and practices of liver cancer prevention in rural areas of 4 provinces in China

作　　者：王秋童 胡亚男 杨晓莹 王丹 王宁[1] 王宝华[1] WANG Qiu-tong;HU Ya-nan;YANG Xiao-ying;WANG Dan;WANG Ning;WANG Bao-hua(National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Bejing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心,北京100050 [2]中国医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2023年第4期298-304,共7页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1302603,2016YFC1302600)。

摘　　要：目的 了解我国4省农村地区肝癌预防知信行的变化情况,为农村地区的癌症健康教育与综合防控工作提供科学依据。方法 2013、2016、2019年在我国4省(河南、安徽、山东和江苏)14个农村县区采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取18岁及以上常住居民进行面对面问卷调查。采用Pearsonχ^(2)检验比较不同特征人群的肝癌预防知识知晓情况差异,采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验和Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel检验分析肝癌预防知信行变化情况。结果 共纳入调查对象44 777人。2013—2019年,肝癌预防知识知晓率从20.31%升至31.23%。在肝癌预防知识中,调查人群对“吸烟”和“饮酒”是癌症的危险因素知晓率在50%以上,对“肥胖”和“遗传因素”的知晓率低于30%;在肝癌预防态度中,愿意接种乙肝疫苗者占80%以上;在肝癌预防行为中,有了解癌症知识途径者占90%以上,而癌症筛查率在20%以下。在2013—2019年,所有知识条目知晓率、积极态度持有率、健康体检、癌症筛查、有了解癌症知识的途径、不吸烟、不饮酒的行为持有率均呈上升趋势(P<0.05),乙肝疫苗接种情况变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论 2013—2019年,我国4省农村地区肝癌预防知信行情况有所提升,不同条目的知识知晓、态度和行为改变情况不同,存在部分人群预防知识知晓率不足、不健康行为持有率较高的情况,应有针对性地开展健康教育。Objective To understand the changes in knowledge and beliefs about liver cancer prevention in rural areas of central China,and to provide a scientific basis for cancer health education and interventions for prevention and control in rural areas.Methods Using multi-stage cluster random sampling method,residents aged 18 years old and above were recruited from 14 rural counties(districts)in 4 provinces(Henan,Anhui,Shandong,and Jiangsu)of central China in 2013,2016,and 2019.Data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire survey.The Pearson χ^(2)test was used to compare the differences in the awareness of knowledge among the population with different characteristics,and the Cochran-Armitage trend test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to analyze the changes in knowledge,attitudes and practices of liver cancer prevention.Results A total of 44777 subjects were included in the survey.From 2013 to 2019,the awareness rate of liver cancer prevention knowledge increased from 20.31%to 31.23%.The awareness rate of"smoking"and"alcohol consumption"as risk factors for cancer among the surveyed population was over 50%,while the awareness rate of"obesity"and"genetic factors"was less than 30%.The rate of people who are willing to get hepatitis B vaccination is more than 80%.People who have approaches to knowing about cancer are more than 90%,while the rate of cancer screening is only less than 20%.From 2013 to 2019,the rates of knowing all knowledge entries,holding positive attitudes,health checkups,cancer screening,having a pathway to knowledge about cancer,and holding behaviors of not smoking and not drinking alcohol increased(P<0.05),and the trend of change in hepatitis B vaccination was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion From 2013 to 2019,the knowledge,attitudes and practices of liver cancer prevention in rural areas of central China have improved,but there are still some people with insufficient knowledge and high holding of unhealthy behaviors,which should be paid attention to with targeted health education measure

关 键 词：农村 肝癌预防 知信行 变化 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]