胡萝卜田封闭除草剂筛选及田间应用效果  

Screening and field application effects of pre-emergence herbicides in carrot field

作　　者：吴仁海[1] 徐洪乐[1] 左梅芳 李相逢 薛飞[1] 孙兰兰[1] 苏旺苍[1] 鲁传涛[1] WU Renhai;XU Hongle;ZUO Meifang;LI Xiangfeng;XUE Fei;SUN Lanlan;SU Wangcang;LU Chuantao(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Kaifeng City Xiangfu District Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Kaifeng 475100,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南省农作物病虫害防治重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]开封市祥符区农业科学研究所,河南开封475100

出　　处：《农药》2023年第8期620-624,共5页Agrochemicals

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项(221111112300);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2023TD08)。

摘　　要：[目的]寻找安全、高效、广谱的胡萝卜田除草剂。[方法]采用盆钵法评估了13种封闭除草剂对胡萝卜安全性,并对部分除草剂田间应用效果进行评价。[结果]供试的13种除草剂中,吡氟酰草胺、二甲戊灵对胡萝卜安全性较好,供试剂量下胡萝卜苗鲜质量与对照无显著差异,胡萝卜生长抑制率在10%以下。进一步试验表明,吡氟酰草胺56.25~900 g a.i./hm^(2)对4种胡萝卜品种中的3种均具有较高安全性,1种胡萝卜品种在高剂量吡氟酰草胺处理下生长抑制显著。田间对吡氟酰草胺、二甲戊灵单用及混合使用效果进行评价,二甲戊灵540 g a.i./hm^(2)对醴肠、铁苋菜、反枝苋防效较差,对马齿苋、牛筋草及马唐等防效中等。吡氟酰草胺225 g a.i./hm^(2)处理对马齿苋、反枝苋、牛筋草及马唐防效达100%,对醴肠、铁苋菜鲜质量防效分别为77.21%、90.26%。50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~405 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)混用处理对铁苋菜的鲜质量防效为80.25%~100%,对马齿苋、反枝苋、牛筋草及马唐防效达100%,高剂量下对醴肠防效较为理想。50%吡氟酰草胺WG 225 g a.i./hm^(2)处理及50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~405 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)处理胡萝卜幼苗全株白化,后逐渐恢复;50%吡氟酰草胺WG 180~225 g a.i./hm^(2)+450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 540 g a.i./hm^(2)处理胡萝卜增产15%以上,显著高于人工除草处理胡萝卜产量。[结论]吡氟酰草胺180~225 g a.i./hm^(2)与二甲戊灵540 g a.i./hm^(2)混合用于胡萝卜田除草效果较好,增产显著。[Aims]This study aims to search for safe,efficient and broad-spectrum herbicide for carrot field.[Methods]The safety of herbicides was evaluated by pot test,and the herbicidal effect was evaluated in carrot field.[Results]Among the 13 herbicides,diflufenican and pendimethalin were safe to carrot,and the fresh weight and emergence rate of carrot had no significant difference to the control at the test concentrations,with the fresh weight inhibition rate less than 10%.Further results showed that 56.25-900 g a.i./ha of diflufenican was safe to three of the four carrot varieties,and significant inhibition was observed in one carrot variety at high dose.The herbicidal effects of diflufenican,pendimethalin and their combination were evaluated in field.Pendimethalin 540 g a.i./ha was ineffective against Eclipta prostrata,Acalypha australis and Amaranthus retroflexus,and moderately effective against Portulaca oleracea,Eleusine indica and Digitaria sanguinalis.The herbicidal effects of 225 g a.i./ha of diflufenican on P.oleracea,A.retroflexus,E.indica and D.sanguinalis were 100%,and the control effects on the fresh quality of E.prostrata and A.australiswere 77.21%and 90.26%,respectively.Under treatmemt of themixture of diflufenican 50%WG180-405 g a.i./ha and pendimethalin 450 g/L CS 540 g a.i./ha,the fresh weight of A.australis was inhibited by 80.25%-100%,the fresh weight of P.oleracea,A.retroflexus,E.indica and D.sanguinalis was inhibited by 100%,only the high dose treatment was effective on E.prostrata.The carrot got bleaching at the seedling stage and recovered gradually after treated with diflufenican 50%WG 225 g a.i./ha or diflufenican 50%WG 180-405 g a.i./ha+pendimethalin 450 g/L CS 540 g a.i./ha.The yield of carrot was increased more than 15%when treated with diflufenican 50%WG 180-225 g a.i./ha+pendimethalin 450 g/L CS 540 g a.i./ha,which was significantly higher than the yield of artificial weeding.[Conclusions]The mixture of diflufenican(180-225 g a.i./ha)and pendimethalin(540 g a.i./ha)had a good herbicidal ef

关 键 词：胡萝卜 吡氟酰草胺 除草剂 安全性 杂草治理 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]