形式批评与中国古典文论的当代阐释  

Formal Criticism and C tionof Chinese Classical Literary Theory

作　　者：王汝虎 Wang Ruhu(College of Communication,Qufu Normal University,Rizhao 276826,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学传媒学院,日照276826

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期68-76,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“古代诗学形式批评范畴与批评意识研究”(项目批准号:20YJC751029)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：形式批评学派对经学文本的语言细读和文类分析,与形式主义美学和新批评派相呼应,其审美论立场和文本细读的研究方法,之于我国古典文学研究有着重要的借鉴意义。在古典经学阐释传统下,基于文本的可靠性和文类的稳定性,在文本细读的基础上,阐发和穷究文本形式审美观念之发生与发展,以及文本与历史生活背景的复杂互动关系,正是此种形式批评视野的核心价值之所在。同理,新世纪以来欧美学界以新形式主义观念为代表,其呼吁“审美论回归”的理论主张,对于反思我国古典文论的当代阐释过程中所存之弊端亦不无裨益。实际上,以诗文评点和诗文格法著作为核心的中国古典文学教学传统,本即可以说是一种“关于古代文学的理论”。其重在“标举章法句法”、“就诗论诗”,正是一种以文本细读为中心的形式批评实践传统。此种形式批评知识范式与言说传统,与古代道德批评和历史批评的强势相比,实是一种内在和基础性的话语资源,对古代文学创作具有直接的阐释有效性和贴切的教学实用性。The close reading and genre analysis of Classics text by formal criticism school echo with the formalist aesthetics and the new criticism school.It's aesthetic standpoint and the research method have important reference significance for the study of classical literature in China.Under the tradition of classical interpretation,based on the reliability of the text and the stability of the genre,the development of the aesthetic concept of the text and the complex interaction between the text and the historical life background,are the core value of this formal criticism.Similarly,since the beginning of the new century,represented by the new formalist concept in European and American academic circles,"the return of aesthetic theory,"is also beneficial to reflect on the disadvantages of the contemporary interpretation of Chinese classical literary theory.In fact,the teaching tradition of Chinese classical literature,which focuses on poetry criticism and poetry classical works,can be said to be a"theory about ancient literature."It focuses on"marking rules and grammar"and"discussing poetry on poetry,"which is a tradition of criticism and practice in the close reading of the text.Compared with the strength of ancient moral criticism and historical criticism,formal criticism is an internal and basic discourse resource,which has direct interpretation effectiveness and appropriate teaching practicability for ancient literary creation.

关 键 词：形式批评 新形式主义 “古代文学的理论” 古典文论的当代阐释 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]