青海木里煤田地表温度变化及其影响因素分析  

Variation of land surface temperature and its influencing factors in Muli Coalfield,Qinghai Province

作　　者：郭俊钰 祁元 王宏伟 张金龙 杨瑞 曹永攀 GUO Junyu;QI Yuan;WANG Hongwei;ZHANG Jinlong;YANG Rui;CAO Yongpan(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2023年第3期980-992,共13页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0507404)资助。

摘　　要：在中国煤炭是一种重要的能源,大规模的开采活动严重破坏了周边的生态环境,而高原高寒地区煤矿开采对地表温度的时空影响规律有待深入研究。地表温度作为一种重要的地表参数对地表能量和水分平衡研究均具有重要意义,也可以反映区域生态环境的变化。本文以Landsat 5/8影像为数据源,利用面向对象的方法和普适性单通道算法分别得到了7期土地利用/覆盖数据和地表温度数据,研究了1990—2021年木里煤田聚乎更矿区从开采到生态修复过程的地表温度变化特征和影响因素。结果表明:利用面向对象的方法得到7期土地利用/覆盖数据很好地反映了聚乎更矿区的几个阶段,分别为缓慢开采期(1990年、2002年),快速开采期(2005年、2009年),缓慢修复期(2015年、2019年)和快速修复期(2021年);矿坑、建成区、排土场、堆煤场等煤矿土地类型地表温度最高,高寒草甸次之,高寒沼泽草甸地表温度较低,水体温度最低,裸地则在特高温和低温均有分布;草甸区地表温度影响因素的解释力大小排序为NDVI>反照率>坡向>海拔>坡度,矿区地表温度影响因素的解释力大小排序为坡向>反照率>NDVI>海拔>坡度,修复区地表温度影响因素的解释力大小排序为NDVI>反照率>海拔>坡向>坡度。研究工作有助于揭示高原矿区地表温度的变化规律,对于评估木里煤田生态修复效果具有重要的参考价值。Coal is an important energy source in China,and large-scale mining activities have seriously damaged the surrounding ecological environment.However,the spatial and temporal effects of coal mining in plateau and alpine regions on land surface temperature(LST)require further in-depth research.As an important surface pa⁃rameter,LST is important for the study of surface energy and water balance,and can also reflect the changes of regional ecological environment.In this paper,we use Landsat 5/8 images as the data sources to obtain 7 periods of land use/cover data and LST data using object-oriented methods and single-channel algorithm,respectively,to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of LST changes from mining to ecological restoration in the Juhu⁃geng mining area of the Muli Coalfield from 1990 to 2021.The results showed that:The 7-period land use/cover data obtained by using the object-oriented method well reflect the several stages of the Juhugeng mining area:slow mining period(1990,2002),fast mining period(2005,2009),slow recovery period(2015,2019)and fast-fix period(2021).The LST of coal mine land types such as open pits,slag,built-up areas and coal pile is the highest,followed by the LST of alpine meadows,and alpine swamp meadows have lower LST.The water body has the lowest LST.Bare ground is distributed in ultra-high LST and low LST.The order of explanatory power of the influencing factors of LST in the meadow area is:NDVI>albedo>slope aspect>elevation>slope gradient,and the order of explanatory power of the influencing factors of LST in the mining area is:slope as⁃pect>albedo>NDVI>elevation>slope gradient.The order of explanatory power of the influencing factors of LST in the restoration area is:NDVI>albedo>elevation>slope aspect>slope gradient.This research work helps to understand the spatial and temporal variation of LST in the plateau mining area,and has important refer⁃ence value for evaluating the ecological restoration effect of the Muli Coalfield.

关 键 词：地表温度 NDVI 反照率 海拔 坡度 坡向 木里煤田 

分 类 号：P423.7[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]