秋水仙素诱导薄荷染色体加倍技术研究  

Study on Chromosome Doubling Technology of Peppermint Induced by Colchicine

作　　者：王倩[1] 钱荣 温赛群 齐琳琳 刘灵娣[2] 武玉翠 温春秀 WANG Qian;QIAN Rong;WEN Sai-qun;QI Lin-lin;LIU Ling-di;WU Yu-cui;WEN Chun-xiu(Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China;Institute of Cash Crops,Hebei Academy of Agri culture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Medicinal Plants Technology Innovation Center,Shijiangzhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学,河北邯郸056038 [2]河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所/河北省药用植物技术创新中心,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2023年第4期83-87,95,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);河北省农林科学院基本业务经费项目(2021050203);河北省重点研发计划专项(22326301D)。

摘　　要：对秋水仙素诱导薄荷染色体加倍技术进行研究,以期筛选出诱导薄荷染色体加倍的最适体系,获得染色体加倍的变异植株。以秋水仙素为诱变剂对带有腋芽的薄荷茎段进行处理,结合流式细胞检测、根尖染色体数目观察等方法对变异植株的倍性进行鉴定,比较秋水仙素不同浓度与处理时间的诱变效果。结果显示,用100 mg/L的秋水仙素处理带有腋芽的薄荷茎段1 d,诱变效果最好,诱变率可达33%。通过流式细胞检测、根尖染色体数目观察等方法鉴定获得多倍体植株10个,与亲本植株相比,其植株形态主要表现为叶厚、茎秆粗、锯齿较深,生长速度缓慢;有8个植株挥发油含量提高,其中最高含量达到2.21%,为亲本植株(1.12%)的1.97倍。本研究通过秋水仙素诱导成功获得染色体加倍的薄荷植株,为薄荷的品种改良和选育提供了可靠的理论依据。The chromosome doubling technology of peppermint induced by colchicine was studied in order to screen the optimal system for inducing chromosome doubling of peppermint and obtain mutant plants with chromosome doubling.The stem segments of peppermint with axillary buds were treated with colchicine as mutagen,and the ploidy of the mutant plants was identified by means of flow cytometry and observation on the number of root tip chromosomes.The mutagenic effects of colchicine at different concentrations and treatment times were compared.The results showed that the best mutagenic effect was obtained when the stem segments with axillary buds were treated with 100 mg/L colchicine for 1 day,and the mutagenic rate could reach 33%.10 polyploid plants were identified through flow cytometry analysis,observation on the numbers of root tip chromosome,and other methods.Compared with the parent plants,their plant morphology mainly manifested as thick leaves,thick stems,deep serrations,and slow growth rate.Eight plants showed an increase in volatile oil content,with the highest content reaching 2.21%,which was 1.97 times higher than the parent plant(1.12%).In this study,chromosome doubling plants of peppermint were successfully obtained by colchicine induction,which provided a reliable theoretical basis for the improvement and breeding of peppermint varieties.

关 键 词：薄荷 秋水仙素 染色体加倍 多倍体 再生苗 品种改良 

分 类 号：S567.235[农业科学—中草药栽培]