热电水泥基复合材料研究现状及展望  

Current Status and Prospect of the Research of Thermoelectric Cement-based Composites

作　　者：樊宇澄 冯闯 FAN Yucheng;FENG Chuang(College of Civil Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学土木工程学院,南京211816

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第17期141-162,共22页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家海外高层次人才青年项目;江苏省双创计划。

摘　　要：与传统水泥基材料相比,掺入功能填料的水泥基复合材料不仅机械物理性能更强、耐久性更优,还能获得自主进行热能与电能互相转换的热电效应,在混凝土结构健康监测、城市建筑能量收集和融雪化冰等领域有广阔的应用前景。“双碳”目标提出后,热电水泥基复合材料(TECC)逐渐引起学术和工业界的广泛关注。这种可实现温差发电的水泥基复合材料既能降低建筑道路表面温度,缓解城市热岛效应,也有助于建立清洁灵活的城市能源结构,有望成为未来最具潜力的一种建筑材料。近年来,世界各国研究人员尝试通过单掺碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨/膨胀石墨、石墨烯及其氧化物、金属材料及其氧化物,复掺不同填料或改进制备工艺、完善分散方法等各种措施来提升TECC的热电性能,已取得不错的研究成果。研究发现,功能填料的种类及掺量是影响TECC性能的主要因素,其次是制备工艺和分散方法。目前以纳米金属氧化物填料所制备的热电水泥基材料Seebeck(塞贝克)系数增幅最大,比常规碳材料填料扩大了两个数量级,而纳米碳材料则在提高ZT值和电导率两方面更有优势。有研究者尝试将金属及其氧化物和碳材料混合掺入水泥基中取得了显著的增强效果,ZT值最高达到0.01(70℃),能量转化效率约为0.24%,足以为结构健康监测传感器等低功耗电子设备供能。然而,目前对于水泥基复合材料热电性能的研究与开发还处于摸索阶段,在实际工程中大规模应用还有许多问题亟待解决。如何在保证力学性能和耐久性的同时,增强水泥基复合材料的热电性能,提高其热电转换效率是目前热电水泥基复合材料领域的研究焦点。本文阐述了具备热电效应的水泥基复合材料TECC的热电原理,分析了不同制备工艺及分散方法对TECC热电性能的影响,总结了热电性能表征和测量各项指标的常用方法,�Compared with traditional cement-based materials,cement matrix reinforced by functional fillers can not only have improved mechanical and physical properties and durability,but also obtain thermoelectric attributes.Such attributes can convert thermal heat into electric energy and vice versa,which have demonstrated great potential in the application for structural health monitoring,energy collection and de-icing.With the initiate of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,thermoelectric cement-based composites(TECCs)have been attracting extensive attention from academic and industrial communities.Such TECC materials can generate electricity while reducing temperature of structural surfaces and alleviating the so-called urban island effect.With the potential of improving the structure of energy supply in urban areas,TECC has been emerging as one of the most promising construction material candidates for future.Recently,researchers have conducted extensive work to improve the thermoelectric performances of TECC through adding different fillers and employing various preparation processes and dispersion methods.The results obtained suggest that the type and the content of functional fillers are the major factors affecting the thermoelectric properties of TECC,followed by preparation process and dispersion method.Among the work conducted,the highest Seebeck coefficient of TECC was achieved by adding nano metal oxide into cement matrix.The value is two orders of magnitude larger when compared to nano carbon fillers.However,the TECC with nano carbon fillers has higher Z T value and electrical conductivity.Alternatively,some researchers dispersed metal fillers(including their oxides)and nano carbon filler into cement-based materials,and achieved significant improved thermoelectric performances with balance between Seebeck coefficient and Z T value.The highest Z T value is 0.01 at 70℃,and the energy conversion efficiency is 0.24%,which is sufficient to supply energy for low-power electronic devices such as structural

关 键 词：水泥基复合材料 SEEBECK系数 功能填料 温差电动势 热电效应 

分 类 号：TU525[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]