籽晶法制备高温合金单晶叶片的研究进展  

Review on the Preparation of Single Crystal Superalloy Blades by Seeding Method

作　　者：霍苗 赵惠 HUO Miao(ZHAO Hui School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710065

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第17期219-224,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(5210011310);陕西省自然科学基金(2021JQ-604,2021JM-403);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(21JC027);西安市科技计划项目(2020KJRC0100)。

摘　　要：定向凝固技术制备高温合金单晶叶片主要采用选晶法和籽晶法,目前工业生产中仍以选晶法为主,但籽晶法在取向方面的精确控制是选晶法无法企及的,而且随着高温合金单晶叶片服役环境日趋苛刻,单晶叶片的三维取向控制成为工业生产中面临的主要问题之一,因此籽晶法的研究和发展不容忽视。籽晶法制备高温合金单晶铸件过程中,杂晶缺陷是制约其在工业生产中广泛应用的主因之一,直接影响单晶叶片的合格率,严重影响合金的力学性能。因此,目前关于籽晶法的研究主要集中在籽晶的获取和利用、杂晶的形成机理及控制等方面。本文主要介绍了籽晶法制备高温合金单晶叶片的基本原理,综述了籽晶回熔区杂晶的形成机制、影响因素及控制措施,在此基础上,总结和展望了籽晶法制备高温合金单晶叶片仍存在的一些问题及发展趋势。Single crystal superalloy blades are typically manufactured via directional solidification using the selection or seeding method.Although the former is the primary method used in industry,the latter can be utilized to accurately control crystal orientation.Owing to the increasingly harsh service environment of single crystal superalloy blades,controlling the three-dimensional crystal orientation has become one of the principal problems in industrial production.Therefore,research and development of the seeding method is essential.One of the critical factors restricting the application of the seeding method in the fabrication of single crystal superalloy castings is the formation of stray grain defects.Stray grains directly affect the qualified rate of single crystal blades and significantly deteriorate their mechanical properties.The current research on the seeding met-hod focuses primarily on the acquisition and utilization of seeds and the formation mechanism and control of stray grains.Herein,we introduce the principles behind the fabrication of superalloy single crystal blades using the seeding method.Furthermore,we summarize the formation mechanism of stray defects and factors affecting it and the measures used to control the formation of stray defects within the melt-back regions of seeds.Moreover,we outline some problems and developments and present future prospects of the seeding method.

关 键 词：单晶高温合金 籽晶法 单晶叶片 杂晶 

分 类 号：TG132.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]