长期施肥对旱地红壤微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Microbial Biomass Carbon,Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Upland Red Soil

作　　者：林小兵 柳开楼 黄尚书 何绍浪[1] 徐小林 周琦娜 钟义军 LIN Xiaobing;LIU Kailou;HUANG Shangshu;HE Shaolang;XU Xiaolin;ZHOU Qina;ZHONG Yijun(National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources,Nanchang 331717,China;College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌331717 [2]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第4期119-128,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20203BBFL63068,20161BBF60105)。

摘　　要：为探究南方长期不同施肥对双季玉米土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响,依托江西进贤35 a旱地红壤长期定位试验,选取不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥和新鲜猪粪配施(NPKM)、单施新鲜猪粪(OM)4个处理,测定双季玉米成熟期0~20 cm,20~40 cm土层土壤养分、微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性并分析了微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性与土壤养分的相关性。结果表明,长期施肥(NPK、NPKM和OM)显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性,春玉米时期,0~40 cm土层各施肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量较CK分别提升了67.05%~159.15%,3.33%~62.37%;过氧化氢酶、磷酸单脂酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高了0.22%~79.71%,9.82%~59.51%,8.73%~82.37%,66.67%~538.89%;秋玉米时期,0~40 cm土层各施肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量较CK分别提升了36.30%~136.72%,17.09%~47.29%;过氧化氢酶、磷酸单脂酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高了7.41%~74.55%,22.69%~57.39%,18.85%~58.98%,51.70%~216.67%,其中,以NPKM处理的提升效果最佳。总体上,0~20 cm土层土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性高于20~40 cm,秋玉米时期土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性高于春玉米时期。NPKM和OM处理还可以显著提高土壤pH值、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、碱解氮和速效钾等养分,长期增施有机肥后土壤磷素累积明显,而NPK处理则加速了土壤酸化。各施肥处理均可以显著提高玉米产量(P<0.05),较CK比增加了1.04~15.07倍。综上,有机无机配施(NPKM)是提升土壤养分、微生物生物量、酶活性和产量的最佳培肥措施。To explore the effects of long-term different fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity of double cropping maize in Southern China.Based on a 35 a long-term located experiment in dryland red soil in Jinxian,Jiangxi Province,four treatments including no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(NPK),chemical fertilizer and fresh pig manure(NPKM),and fresh pig manure(OM).The soil nutrients,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activities were measured in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm soil layers at the maturity of double cropping maize and the correlations between them were analyzed.Results showed that long-term fertilization(NPK,NPKM and OM)significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity.During the spring maize period,the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of fertilization treatment compared with CK increased by 67.05%-159.15%and 3.33%-62.37%in the 0-40 cm soil layer.And the activities of catalase,phosphomonoesterase,urease and sucrase increased by 0.22%-79.71%,9.82%-59.51%,8.73%-82.37%,66.67%-538.89%,respectively.During the autumn maize period,the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of fertilization treatment compared with CK increased by 36.30%-136.72%and 17.09%-47.29%in the 0-40 cm soil layer.And the activities of catalase,phosphomonoesterase,urease and sucrase increased by 7.41%-74.55%,22.69%-57.39%,18.85%-58.98%and 51.70%-216.67%,respectively.Among them,the NPKM treatment had the best improvement effect.In general,soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity in 0-20 cm soil layer were higher than in 20-40 cm soil layer,and the soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and enzyme activity in autumn maize period were higher than those in spring maize period.NPKM and OM treatments also significantly increased soil pH,organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available nitrogen and available potassium.After long-term application of organic fertilizer,soil phosphorus accum

关 键 词：玉米 长期施肥 旱地红壤 微生物生物量 酶活性 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]