灌溉方式与垄作种植对旱地马铃薯水分利用效率及产量的影响  

Effece of Irrigation and Ridge Planting on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Potato in Dry Farming

作　　者：王慧杰[1] 霍利光 李盛[1] 梁素明[1] WANG Huijie;HUO Liguang;LI Sheng;LIANG Suming(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第4期174-180,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：山西省现代农业马铃薯产业技术体系(06-G-07);中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZJSX2022C014);山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601004);山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC105)。

摘　　要：为探究不同灌溉和垄作种植方式对旱地马铃薯水分利用效果和产量的影响,明确适宜旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率同步提高的耕作和灌溉处理组合模式,进一步为旱作马铃薯生产效能提供理论依据,于2019-2020年连续2个马铃薯生长季,在山西省岚县地区,以并薯26号为材料,设置水力驱动带状喷灌(G_(1))和滴灌(G_(2))2种灌溉处理和常规垄型种植(M_(1))、凹型垄面种植(M_(2))和露地平作种植(M_(3))3种种植方式的二因素试验,深入研究灌溉方式与垄作种植相互效应对旱地马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式与垄作种植对旱地马铃薯田耗水特性、水分利用效率及产量均具有明显的调控作用;M_(2)处理较M_(1)和M_(3)处理显著增加土壤水分利用效率,提高自然降水和灌溉水的利用率;在G_(1)处理下,M_(1)和M_(2)处理水分利用效率、产量分别比M_(3)处理增加了14.08%,13.58%和23.28%,21.92%;在G_(2)处理下,M_(1)和M_(2)处理水分利用效率、产量分别比M_(3)处理增加了11.88%,11.50%和22.05%,20.45%,且以凹型垄作+水力驱动带状喷灌处理组合G_(1) M_(2)产量最高;相同垄作处理下,G_(1)处理的水分利用效率和产量最高。综合考虑,灌溉方式和垄作种植对旱地马铃薯水分利用效率和产量的调控效应,凹型垄面种植+水力驱动带状喷灌处理组合(G_(1) M_(2))可作为适宜山西旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率同步提高的灌溉与耕作处理组合模式。In order to study the effect of different irrigation methods and ridge planting experiments on water use efficiency and yield of potato in dryland,and to identify an optimal ridge planting and irrigation combination mode of potato with high yield and water use efficiency simultaneously,and further provide a theoretical basis for the production efficiency of dryland potato.The two-factor experiment was persistently performed in Lanxian County Shanxi Province during two potato growing seasons(2019-2020).The three ridge planting,including conventional ridge cultivation(M_(1)),concave ridge cultivation technique(M_(2))and outdoor planting(M_(3));the two irrigating including hydraulic driving zonal sprinkler(G_(1))and drip irrigation(G_(2)),deeply exploring the effects of ridge planting and irrigation and their interaction effects on water use efficiency and yield of dry potato.The results showed that irrigation and ridge planting had obvious regulation effects on water use efficiency and yield of dry potato.Compared with M_(1) and M_(3),M_(2) could significantly increase soil use efficiency water storage consumption.Under G_(1) treatment,the water use efficiency and yield of M_(1) and M_(2) treatments increased by 14.08%,13.58%,and 23.28%,21.92%,respectively,compared to M_(3);under G_(2) treatment,the water use efficiency and yield of M_(1) and M_(2) treatments increased by 11.88%,11.50%,and 22.05%,20.45%,respectively,compared to M_(3),and the combination of concave ridge cropping+hydraulic driving zonal sprinkler irrigation treatment combination G_(1)M_(2) had the highest yield.Under the same ridge planting,the water use efficiency and yield of hydraulically driven zonal sprinkler irrigation(G_(1))were the highest.Based on the regulating effects of ridge planting and irrigation on water use efficiency and grain yield,the G_(1) M_(2) treatment could help synchronously to improve the grain yield and water use efficiency.This can be an optimal model of ridge planting and irrigation combination treatment of dry potato a

关 键 词：马铃薯 灌溉方式 垄作种植 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S318