湖泊蒸发观测与计算方法研究进展  

Advances in observation and calculation of lake evaporation

作　　者：崔逸凡 刘元波[1] Cui Yifan;Liu Yuanbo(Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2023年第5期1501-1515,共15页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879255);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0202)联合资助。

摘　　要：湖泊蒸发是连接湖泊水分循环与能量平衡的关键纽带之一,认识湖泊蒸发过程对于理解湖-气间相互作用机制十分重要。然而,由于湖泊的形态结构、地理位置和气候背景不同,各湖泊在不同时间尺度上的蒸发特征不同。湖泊蒸发存在复杂的物理驱动过程、时间尺度相关的反馈以及空间异质性。准确地捕捉并量化湖泊蒸发过程,仍是湖沼学、水文学和气象学等学科的重要研究内容。本文首先介绍了湖泊蒸发的主要观测手段,然后概述了湖泊蒸发在日内、季节、年际、年代际四种不同时间尺度的变化特征;梳理了不同时间尺度各要素对湖泊蒸发的影响,以及湖泊蒸发与湖泊面积和深度等形态结构特性及纬度和海拔等地理因素之间的关系;对自涡度相关技术等高精度仪器应用以来的湖泊蒸发研究进展做出了总结。Lake evaporation is one of the key links between the hydrological cycle and energy balance,and plays a crucial role in understanding the mechanism of lake-atmosphere interactions.However,due to different morphological characteristics,geographical location and climatic background,the evaporation characteristics of each lake are different on different time scales.There are complex physical driving processes,time-scale dependent feedbacks and spatial heterogeneity of lake evaporation.Therefore,the accurate measurement and quantification of lake evaporation is still an important task in limnology,hydrology and meteorology.Here,we first review the main observational methods of lake evaporation and its variability characteristics on diurnal,seasonal,interannual and interdecadal time scales.Then,the effects of meteorological factors on different time scales,lake morphometry(e.g.surface area,water depth,etc.)and geographical factors(e.g.latitude,altitude,etc.)on lake evaporation are discussed.Finally,the progress of lake evaporation research since the application of high-precision instruments such as the eddy covariance system was summarised.

关 键 词：湖泊 蒸发 涡度相关系统 蒸发皿 时间尺度 影响因素 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学] P343.3[水利工程—水文学及水资源]