超级稻田碳氮库管理指数在等养分不同有机物料处理下的动态变化  

Dynamic changes in carbon and nitrogen pool management indexes in super rice fields treated with various organic materials and equal nutrients

作　　者：王开悦 廖育林[2] 鲁艳红[2] 蔡岸冬 张志伟 陈旋 秦晓波[1] WANG Kaiyue;LIAO Yulin;LU Yanhong;CAI Andong;ZHANG Zhiwei;CHEN Xuan;QIN Xiaobo(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural and Rural Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Research Center/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Soils and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/中国农业科学院农业农村碳达峰碳中和研究中心/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [3]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京210044

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第8期1758-1767,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700202);江西省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(20221ZDH04057);国家自然科学基金项目(41775157)。

摘　　要：为比较等养分条件下不同有机物料还田对稻田土壤碳氮库管理指数的影响,揭示水稻不同生育期碳氮库管理指数动态变化及其与产量和收获指数的关系,在湖南省长沙市,选择超级稻种植系统为研究对象进行大田试验。共设置5个等养分投入处理,分别为单施化肥(F)、化肥+水稻秸秆全量还田(FS)、化肥+紫云英全量还田(FM)、化肥+秸秆、紫云英全量还田(FMS)、化肥+秸秆、紫云英全量还田+熟石灰(FMS+Ca),并在水稻5个不同生育期(移栽返青期、分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆期、成熟期)采集土样,测定土壤有机碳(SOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、总氮(TN)、可溶性总氮(TDN)含量,计算碳库管理指数(CPMI)、氮库管理指数(NPMI)。结果表明:不同处理下的CPMI整体动态变化趋势为移栽返青期降低后缓慢回升,在水稻生育末期紫云英-秸秆联合还田处理FMS(87.18)和FMS+Ca(80.59)的CPMI显著高于F处理(62.53)和FS处理(62.64)(P<0.05);NPMI在分蘖期与成熟期出现了两次急剧下降,并在水稻生育末期FMS+Ca处理(57.58)的NPMI显著高于F处理(45.64)和FS处理(42.70)(P<0.05);与F处理相比,有机无机配施(FS、FM、FMS)处理下作物产量提高了2.19%~2.94%;水稻灌浆期的CPMI与产量和收获指数均呈显著正相关关系。研究表明,紫云英还田代替部分化肥施用能在保证产量的基础上扩容稻田土壤碳氮库,紫云英-秸秆联合还田对提升水稻不同生育期CPMI、NPMI的综合效果最佳。To compare the effects of various organic materials returned to paddy fields on soil carbon and nitrogen pool management indexes under equal nutrient conditions,the dynamic changes of carbon and nitrogen pool management indexes at different growth stages of rice and their relationships with yield and harvest index were assessed.Thus,a scientific basis was provided for straw resource utilization and soil carbon and nitrogen pool expansion in paddy fields.The field experiment was conducted in Changsha,Hunan Province,and the super-hybrid rice planting system was selected as the research object.Five equal nutrient inputs were used:single application of fertilizer(F),fertilizer+total rice straw returning(FS),fertilizer+total Chinese milk vetch returning(FM),fertilizer+total Chinese milk vetch returning+total rice straw(FMS),and fertilizer+total Chinese milk vetch returning+total rice straw+slaked lime(FMS+Ca).Soil samples were collected at five growth stages(transplanting stage,tillering stage,booting stage,filling stage,and maturity stage)to determine the concentrations of soil organic carbon(SOC),soluble organic carbon(DOC),total nitrogen(TN),and soluble total nitrogen(TDN)and to calculate the carbon pool management index(CPMI)and nitrogen pool management index(NPMI).The following results were obtained:the overall dynamic change trend of CPMI under different treatments showed that the transplanting stage decreased and then slowly increased.The CPMIs of the FMS(87.18)and FMS+Ca(80.59)treatments were significantly higher than that of the F(62.35)and FS(62.46)treatments(P<0.05).NPMI showed two sharp declines during the growth period,and at the end of the growth period,the NPMI of the FMS+Ca treatment(57.85)was significantly higher than that of the F(54.64)and FS(42.70)treatments(P<0.05).Compared with F treatment,organic and inorganic treatments(FS,FM,and FMS)increased the crop yield by 2.19% to 2.94%;CPMI at the grain filling stage was positively correlated with the yield and harvest index.The following conclusions wer

关 键 词：等养分投入 超级稻 紫云英和秸秆联合还田 不同生育期 碳库管理指数 氮库管理指数 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]