HRV与EEG生物反馈训练对中枢疲劳运动员的影响  

Effect of HRV and EEG Biofeedback Training on Athletes with Central Fatigue

作　　者：李秦陇 车开萱 施明强 韩艳丽 迟立忠[1] 周越[1] LI Qinlong;CHE Kaixuan;SHI Mingqiang;HAN Yanli;CHI Lizhong;ZHOU Yue(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第8期14-20,33,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300801);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(20211011)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨心率变异性生物反馈(heart rate variability biofeedback,HRV-BF)和脑电生物反馈(electroencephalogram-biofeedback,EEG-BF)训练对中枢疲劳运动员神经机能状态和心境状态的作用及差异。方法:采用随机交叉实验设计,以14名国家二级及以上的中枢疲劳运动员为研究对象,分别在2个阶段进行为期15天、共8次的HRV-BF和EEG-BF训练,中间设置15天洗脱期。在每个训练阶段前后使用EEG诱导试验评价中枢机能状态;使用超慢波涨落潮技术测定脑内神经递质;通过Polar H10心率胸带测量HRV,用于评价自主神经状态;使用GMCS-FYS反应时测试仪测量反应时;使用心境状态量表评价心境状态。结果:1)在中枢疲劳状态方面,HRV-BF和EEG-BF训练后脑电波θ/β,中枢疲劳等级均显著降低(P<0.01)。2)在神经递质方面,HRV-BF和EEG-BF训练后5-羟色胺水平均显著降低(P<0.01),HRV-BF训练后多巴胺水平显著提高(P<0.01),且5-羟色胺水平(P<0.05)和多巴胺水平(P<0.01)的变化均显著大于EEG-BF训练。3)在自主神经方面,HRV-BF训练后交感神经活性增强,副交感神经作用减弱,而EEG-BF没有显著效果。4)在反应时方面,HRV-BF和EEG-BF训练后反应速度均显著提升(P<0.05)。5)在心境状态方面,2种训练后积极情绪水平均显著提升,抑郁(HRV-BF:P<0.05;EEG-BF:P<0.01)和情绪纷乱值(P<0.01)显著降低;2种训练方式的不同结果是,HRV-BF训练后疲劳感(P<0.01)和慌乱值(P<0.05)显著降低,而EEG-BF训练后愤怒值(P<0.01)显著降低。结论:HRV-BF和EEG-BF训练都能改善中枢疲劳运动员的中枢疲劳程度,降低脑内抑制性神经递质,提高反应速度,并且提升积极情绪水平,而HRV-BF训练对脑内神经递质和自主神经的作用更为明显。2种训练可从不同方面改善消极情绪,这可能与中枢神经机能状态的提高有关。因此,选择适宜的生物反馈训练能够改善运动员不同情况的神经疲劳状态,加快反应速度,提高心理�Objective:To compare the effects and differences of heart rate variability-biofeedback(HRV-BF)and electroencephalogram-biofeedback(EEG-BF)training on athletes’neurological and mood states.Methods:Using a randomized crossover experimental design,taking 14 national level 2 and above central fatigue athletes as the research object,they were trained in HRV-BF and EEG-BF for 8 times in 15 days in two stages,with a 15-day washout period in the middle.EEG induction test was used to evaluate central function state before and after training;supra-slow encephalofluctuogram technology was used to measure neurotransmitters in the brain;Polar H10 heart rate chest belt was used to test HRV index,and to evaluate autonomic nervous state;GMCS-FYS reaction time tester was used to test reaction time;mood scale was used to evaluate mood state.Results:1)For the central fatigue,after HRV-BF and EEG-BF training,brainwaveθ/βand central fatigue level were significantly decreased(P<0.01).2)For the neurotransmitters,5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)was significantly decreased after HRV-BF and EEG-BF training(P<0.01),dopamine(DA)was significantly increased after HRV-BF training(P<0.01),and the changes of 5-HT(P<0.05)and DA(P<0.01)were significantly larger than those of EEG-BF. 3) For the autonomic nerve, HRV-BF training enhanced sympa‐thetic nerve activity and weakened parasympathetic nerve activity, while the effect of EEG-BF was not significant. 4) For the reaction time, the reaction speed of HRV-BF and EEG-BF was significantly accelerated after training (P<0.05). 5) For the mood state, both kinds of training can significantly increase positive emotions level, depression (HRV-BF: P<0.05;EEG-BF: P< 0.01) and emotional disturbance (P<0.01) decreased significantly;the difference is that after HRV-BF training, fatigue (P<0.01) and panic value (P<0.05) were significantly reduced, while EEG-BF training was significantly lower in anger (P<0.01). Conclusions: Both HRV-BF and EEG-BF training can improve the central nervous system fatigue of athletes

关 键 词：心率变异性 脑电 生物反馈 中枢疲劳 神经递质 自主神经 心境状态 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]