我国家庭厨余垃圾与餐厨垃圾理化性质对比分析——源头分类的影响  

Comparative Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics between Household Food Waste and Restaurant Food Waste in China:Impact of Source Segregation

作　　者：杨娜 王巧 吕凡[2] 余波平 徐期勇[3] 何品晶[2] YANG Na;WANG Qiao;LYU Fan;YU Boping;XU Qiyong;HE Pinjing(Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science,Shenzhen Guangdong 518001;Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen Guangdong 518055;Guangdong Provincial Environmental Protection Wastewater Quality Utilization Engineering Technology R&D Center,Shenzhen Guangdong 518001)

机构地区：[1]深圳市环境科学研究院,广东深圳518001 [2]同济大学固体废物处理与资源化研究所,上海200092 [3]北京大学深圳研究生院,广东深圳518055 [4]广东省环境保护污水高质化利用工程技术研发中心,广东深圳518001

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2023年第4期7-16,共10页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100600);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51808349);深圳市科技计划资助项目(JCYJ20180302173924767)。

摘　　要：理化性质是决定厨余垃圾处理技术选型和污染潜力评估的关键参数。通过源头分类后厨余垃圾的采样测试和文献数据甄别、调研,总结了我国家庭厨余垃圾和餐厨垃圾的理化性质指标。研究结果表明,深圳市源头分类的家庭厨余垃圾杂质含量(12.60%±2.50%)和重金属浓度(除Cr外均低于检测限)处于强制分类制度实施前的报道数据以下,而有机质含量(90.6%±5.0%)相比报道数据则更高,其资源化利用率得到有效提升;与生活垃圾混合收运时的含水率(65.5%±4.0%)相比,经源头分类的家庭厨余垃圾含水率更高(76.8%±5.0%,P=0.004 7),通过限制水分向其他垃圾组分的迁移,提高了后者的热值和回收潜力。我国家庭厨余垃圾的密度为(0.38±0.16) t/m3,盐分、有机质和脂肪含量分别为1.34%±0.51%、81.8%±5.7%、12.3%±6.1%,显著低于餐厨垃圾的(0.92±0.17) t/m3(P=0.000 29)、3.89%±2.00%(P=0.043)、90.1%±4.8%(P=0.000 1)、21.6%±7.9%(P=0.022),其余指标无显著差异。在垃圾管理系统中,家庭厨余垃圾和餐厨垃圾的收集运输和预处理环节应根据其性质特点分别设计;处理环节可根据工艺特点和技术参数要求进行调质后实现一定程度的协同。经测算,家庭厨余垃圾和餐厨垃圾的盐分含量均低于生物处理的浓度抑制限值;堆肥产品中的重金属浓度低于相关污染评价标准限值。Physical and chemical properties were the key parameters to determine the technology selection and pollution potential assessment of kitchen waste treatment.The physical and chemical properties of household food waste(HFW)and restaurant food waste(RFW)in China were summarized by sampling test and literature data screening and investigation after source classification.The results indicated that compared with the data reported before the waste classification policy,the contents of impurities(12.60%±2.50%)and heavy metals(below detection limit except for Cr)of the source segregated HFW in Shenzhen were lower,while the organic matter content(90.6%±5.0%) was higher,its resource utilization rate had been effectively improved.The moisture content of HFW by source segregation was higher(76.8%±5.0%,P=0.004 7)than those sampled from mixed collected MSW(65.5%±4.0%),which could promote the calorific value and recovery potential of other waste components by restricting water diffusion to other waste components.The density,sodium chloride,organic matter and fat content of HFW in China were(0.38±0.16)t/m3,1.34%±0.51%,81.8%±5.7%,12.3%±6.1%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of RFW of(0.92±0.17)t/m3(P=0.000 29),3.89%±2.00%(P=0.043),90.1%±4.8%(P=0.000 1),21.6%±7.9%(P=0.022).And there was no significant difference in other indicators.Accordingly,in waste management system,the collection,transportation,and pretreatment processes of HFW and RFW should be designed independently according to their characteristics.The processing process could achieve a certain degree of coordination after conditioning according to the process characteristics and technical parameters.It was estimated that the salt content of HFW and RFW were both below the limit of inhibition concentration for biological treatment.The heavy metal contents of compost products were also lower than the relevant pollution assessment standards limit.

关 键 词：家庭厨余垃圾 餐厨垃圾 源头分类 理化性质 协同处理 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]