不同耕作方式对松嫩平原半干旱区玉米土壤生物特性影响  

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Maize Soil Biological Characteristics in Semiarid Area of Songnen Plain

作　　者：王玉凤 陈天宇 付健 薛盈文 杨克军 WANG Yu-feng;CHEN Tian-yu;FU Jian;XUE Ying-wen;YANG Ke-jun(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第3期95-103,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省现代农业产业技术协同创新体系项目;黑龙江省高等教育教学改革一般研究项目(SJGY20210631)。

摘　　要：为探究不同耕作方式对松嫩平原半干旱区玉米土壤环境的影响,设置旋耕垄作(CK)、旋耕垄作深松、免耕、免耕深松、旋耕平作和旋耕平作深松6种耕作方式,研究不同耕作方式对土壤细菌、土壤真菌、土壤放线菌、土壤动物和土壤动物群落组成的影响。结果表明,免耕和免耕深松处理能够显著提高土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,提高幅度分别为18.57%~31.01%、27.99%~48.76和12.32%~21.95%。免耕和免耕深松处理显著提高了0~30 cm土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量,提高幅度分别为8.33%~16.55%和9.70%~19.89%。平作深松处理土壤动物捕获量最高,免耕和免耕深松处理Shannon-wiener指数最高,表明免耕更有利于农田生态系统土壤生物的生存环境的维护。This study aimed to investigate the effects of different tillage methods on soil environment in the semi-arid region of the western Songnen Plain.Six treatments,including rotary and ridge tillage(RT),rotary and ridge tillage and subsoiling(RTS),no-tillage(NT),no-tillage and subsoiling(NTS),rotary and flatten tillage(FT),and rotary and flatten tillage and subsoiling(FTS)were set up to investigate the effects of tillage methods on soil bacteria,soil fungi,soil actinomyces,soil animals,and composition of soil animal community.The results showed that NT and NTS treatments significantly increased the numbers of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes,with an increase range of 18.57%-31.01%,27.99%-48.76%and 12.32%-21.95%,respectively.NT and NTS treatments also signifi⁃cantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm layer,with an in⁃crease range of 8.33%-16.55%and 9.70%-19.89%,respectively.FT treatment had the highest soil animal catch,but the Shannon-wiener index was the highest in the treatments of NT and NTS,indicating that less tillage and no tillage are more beneficial for maintaining a suitable soil biological survival environment in agricultural ecosystems.

关 键 词：玉米 耕作方式 土壤微生物 土壤动物 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]