不同温湿度条件对除草剂产生玉米药害的影响  

Herbicides’Phytotoxicity Effects on Corn Plants under Different Temperatures and Humidity

作　　者：罗婵[1] 王宇[1] 丛克强[1] 郭玉莲[1] LUO Chan;WANG Yu;CONG Ke-qiang;GUO Yu-lian(Institute of Plant Protection,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院植物保护研究所,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第3期168-173,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目(GA19B104-3);黑龙江省农业科学院农业科技创新跨越工程(HNK2019CX14)。

摘　　要：为明确环境温度、土壤湿度对玉米田除草剂产生药害的影响。试验采用人工气候箱盆栽法,设置3个药剂(乙草胺、异噁唑草酮、莠去津)和1个清水对照、两个环境温度梯度、3个土壤湿度梯度共24个处理。在施药后调查玉米株高并计算株高抑制率,同时取鲜样送至检测机构确认玉米植株中除草剂成分。结果表明,环境温度10℃、土壤相对含水量为20%时,3种除草剂对玉米的株高抑制率分别为1.0%~18.7%、22.0%~46.9%、21.0%~42.5%;环境温度10℃、含水量为25%时,株高抑制率分别为23.1%~50.6%、42.5%~62.8%、25.6%~57.6%。除草剂在玉米植株中残留的检测结果,环境温度10℃、土壤相对含水量分别为15%、20%、25%时,玉米植株中莠去津残留量分别为0.150~0.360、0.040~0.170、0.190~0.360 mg/kg,环境温度15℃、土壤相对含水量分别为15%、20%、25%时,玉米植株中乙草胺残留量分别为0.020~0.490、0.012~0.400、0.015~0.540 mg/kg,莠去津的残留量分别为0.017~0.210、0.020~0.092、0.020~0.110 mg/kg。低温高湿条件下,避免使用乙草胺、异噁唑草酮、莠去津,易产生玉米苗期药害。This study probed into the phytotoxicity effects of herbicides on corn plants under different tempera⁃tures and different soil humidity.By means of artificial climate box pot cultivation,this experiment conducted 24 treatments,including 3 herbicides(acetochlor,isoxazolone,atrazine)and one control group with water as the sub⁃stance,2 ambient temperature gradients and 3 soil moisture gradients.After herbicides were applied,the height of corn plants was measured,and the inhibition rate of height was calculated.Meanwhile,fresh samples were gathered and sent to testing institutions where herbicide composition in corn plants was confirmed.The results showed that the plant height inhibition rates of the three herbicides on corn were 1.0%-18.7%,22.0%-46.9%,and 21.0%-42.5%when the ambient temperature was 10℃and the relative soil moisture content was 20%.The plant height in⁃hibition rates were 23.1%-50.6%,42.5%-62.8%and 25.6%-57.6%when the moisture content was 25%.Accord⁃ing to the detection results of herbicide residues,when the ambient temperature was 10°C and the relative soil mois⁃ture content was 15%,20%,and 25%,the atrazine residues in corn plants were 0.150-0.360 mg/kg,0.040-0.170 mg/kg and 0.190-0.360 mg/kg.When the ambient temperature was 15°C and the relative soil moisture content was 15%,20%,and 25%,the residues of acetochlor in corn plants were 0.020-0.490,0.012-0.400,and 0.015-0.540 mg/kg,and the residues of atrazine were 0.017-0.210,0.020-0.092,and 0.020-0.110 mg/kg.It is suggested not to apply acetochlor,isoxaflutole,and atrazine,as they exert phytotoxicity harms on corn seedlings when the ambient temperature is low,and the soil humidity is high.

关 键 词：玉米 药害 温度 湿度 乙草胺 异噁唑草酮 莠去津 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]