冷战环境史视域下的战术除草剂研究  

A Study on Tactical Herbicides from the Perspective of Cold War Environmental History

作　　者：刘合波[1] Liu Hebo

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2023年第5期82-100,158,159,F0003,共22页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：现代意义上的除草剂诞生之后,美国出于战争需要将农用除草剂研发为战术除草剂。越南战争期间,美国为消除森林屏障、切断越共游击队的粮食供应,在越南南部喷洒了大量战术除草剂,对植被造成大面积破坏。美军发动除草剂战争非但没有达到预期目的,反而进一步恶化了其在越南战争中的处境。除草剂战争在越南南部导致严重的生态灾难,引发世人对除草剂问题的广泛关注,也使美国受到来自国内外的巨大压力。尼克松政府力主实施缓和战略,逐步终止喷洒战术除草剂的行动,并将禁止使用生化武器与环境保护纳入国际合作的议事日程,从而推动了美苏关系的缓和以及冷战局势的进一步演变。After the birth of herbicides in the modern sense,the United States developed agricultural herbicides into tactical herbicides for war purposes.During the Vietnam War,the US sprayed a large amount of tactical herbicides in southern Vietnam to eliminate forest barriers and cut off the food supply of the Viet Cong guerrillas,causing extensive damage to the vegetation.Instead of achieving its Vietnam War.The ecological catastrophe caused by the herbicide war in southern Vietnam sparked widespread concern over the issue of herbicides and put the US under enormous pressure from both home and abroad.The Nixon administration pushed for a detente strategy,phasing out tactical herbicide spraying and putting the ban on the use of chemical and biological weapons and environmental protection on the agenda of international cooperation,thus contributing to the detente of US⁃Soviet relations and the further evolution of the Cold War situation.

关 键 词：冷战环境史 战术除草剂 牧场工行动 美苏关系缓和 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学]