水平钻井振动减阻器参数优化设计  

Optimal design method of vibration drag reduction parameters in horizontal well drilling

作　　者：黄文君 石小磊 高德利[1] HUANG Wenjun;SHI Xiaolei;GAO Deli(MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering//China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]石油工程教育部重点实验室·中国石油大学(北京)

出　　处：《天然气工业》2023年第8期108-115,共8页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优青基金“油气井管柱力学与工程”(编号:52222401);国家自然科学基金重点项目“复杂结构‘井工厂’立体设计建设基础研究”(编号:52234002);国家自然科学基金青年基金“旋转钻柱动力屈曲临界条件与后屈曲蛇形摆动和螺旋涡动行为研究”(编号:51904317);中国石油大学(北京)科研启动基金“复杂结构‘井工厂’立体化井眼轨道设计与控制一体化方法研究”(编号:ZX20230083)。

摘　　要：水平井是开发各类非常规油气资源的主流井型技术,现场实践表明,在钻柱上安装振动减阻器可大幅度降低管柱摩阻,有效缓解钻进过程中的频繁托压问题,有助于提高机械钻速。但是,目前针对减阻工具的优选和使用仍然是基于现场的经验,缺乏有效的理论方法指导。为此,首先建立了带振动减阻工具的钻柱动力学模型,揭示了不同振动减阻参数下的减阻规律。然后以提高减阻效率为目标,结合振动传播距离模型与反扭矩作用距离模型,并考虑钻柱疲劳失效以及水力能量损失等约束条件,建立了振动减阻工具激励参数与安装参数的优化设计方法。研究结果表明:(1)减阻器激励力幅值、减阻器的数量和安装间距是影响减阻效率的主要因素;(2)随着减阻器激励力幅值增大和安装数量增多,减阻效率不断提高,多个减阻器振动传播范围相互独立时其减阻效率高于交叉重叠情形;(3)当减阻器激励力幅值过大时,存在管柱疲劳失效的风险,当减阻器数量过多时,存在水力能量损耗过高的风险。结论认为,利用该方法优化减阻器后,减阻效率可由原来的10.2%提高至40.1%,该方法可以有效指导减阻工具激励参数与安装参数优化,有助于支撑长水平井滑动钻进降低管柱摩阻,显著提高钻机机械钻速。Horizontal well drilling is the mainstream well-type technology in developing various unconventional oil and gas resources.Field practice shows that installing a vibration drag reducer on the drill string can significantly reduce string friction,effectively alleviate frequent backing pressure in the process of drilling,and help to increase the rate of penetration(ROP).However,the current selection and use of drag reduction tools is still based on field experience and lacks effective theoretical method guidance.To this end,this paper establishes a dynamic model of drill string with vibration drag reduction tools,and reveals the drag reduction laws under different vibration drag reduction parameters.Then,based on the vibration propagation distance model and the inverse torque action distance model,an optimized design method of excitation parameters and installation parameters of vibration drag reduction tools is established by taking the improvement of drag reduction efficiency as the objective and the drill string fatigue failure and hydraulic energy loss as the constraints.The following research results are obtained.First,the excitation force amplitude,number and installation spacing of drag reducers are the main factors affecting drag reduction efficiency.Second,with the increase of excitation force amplitude and installation number of drag reducers,the drag reduction efficiency increases continuously.When the vibration propagation ranges of multiple drag reducers are independent,the drag reduction efficiency is higher than that when he vibration propagation ranges of multiple drag reducers are superimposed.Third,there is a risk of pipe string fatigue failure if the excitation force amplitude of the drag reducer is too large,and a risk of excessive hydraulic energy loss if too many drag reducers are installed.In conclusion,the drag reduction efficiency is increased to 40.1% from the original 10.2% after this method is applied t o optimize the drag reducer.This method can provide an ef fective guidance for the op

关 键 词：水平井 滑动钻进 摩阻 振动减阻 机械钻速 疲劳失效 水力能量 优化设计 

分 类 号：TE927[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]