基于蛇纹石化生氢影响因素的制氢方式新思考  

New thoughts on hydrogen production method based on the influencing factors of hydrogen generation in serpentinization reaction

作　　者：于志琪 刘汇川 朱光有[2] 陈玮岩 桂丽黎[2] YU Zhiqi;LIU Huichuan;ZHU Guangyou;CHEN Weiyan;GUI Lili(College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2023年第8期156-169,共14页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“富氦天然气成藏机制及氦资源分布预测技术”(编号:2021YFA0719000);中石油科技创新基金“磷酸盐矿物原位U-Pb测定含油气盆地油气成藏期次”(编号:2021DQ02-0103)。

摘　　要：基性—超基性岩的蛇纹石化反应是自然界生成氢气的重要方式之一,一直以来其生氢机制、生氢速率的影响因素以及能否利用该反应进行规模化工业制氢等问题尚不明确。为此,在调研大量国内外文献的基础上,探讨了该反应的生氢机制和影响因素,评估了利用该反应进行工业制氢的潜力,并提出了原位和非原位2种制备氢气方案。研究结果表明:(1)蛇纹石化生氢过程主要受控于温度,在300℃时可达到生氢高峰,且越接近最佳生氢温度,水岩比的影响作用越强;(2)岩石类型对生氢的影响取决于矿物组成,辉石和尖晶石释放的Al对蛇纹石化氢气的产率有促进作用,而尖晶石中的Cr和Ni也是提高氢气产率的重要因素,尤其Ni^(2+)是低温蛇纹石化反应高效产氢的关键因素;(3)低盐度的流体更有利于产氢,在一定条件下酸性和碱性环境均可以提高生氢速率;(4)高SiO_(2)含量则不利于氢气的产出。结论认为:(1)与传统制氢方式相比,蛇纹石化反应生氢具有低成本、低碳环保、原料来源广的优势,并可以结合碳封存过程推动能源向“碳中和”过渡;(2)基于蛇纹石化生氢机理来发展新型工业制氢前景广阔,潜力巨大,为缓解我国当前工业制氢压力提供了新的发展方向和思路。Serpentinization of basic-ultrabasic rocks is one of the most important processes of hydrogen generation in nature.However,the factors influencing its hydrogen generation mechanism and rate and the application feasibility of serpentinization for large-scale industrial hydrogen production remain unclear.On the basis of literature review,this paper discusses the mechanism and influencing factors of hydrogen generation by serpentinization,evaluates the potential of serpentinization for industrial hydrogen production,and proposes two hydrogen production schemes(in situ and non-in situ).The results are obtained in four aspects.First,the hydrogen generation process of serpentinization is mainly sensitive to temperature.The hydrogen generation peaks at 300℃.The closer to the optimal temperature,the greater the influence of water-rock ratio on hydrogen generation.Second,the effect of rock type on hydrogen production depends on mineral composition.Al in pyroxene and spinel promotes the hydrogen yield in serpentinization,while Cr and Ni in spinel are key factors to improve the hydrogen yield.In particular,Ni^(2+)is essential to the efficient hydrogen production in the lowtemperature serpentinization reaction.Third,low-salinity fluid environment and acidic or alkaline environment under certain conditions are more conducive to hydrogen generation.Fourth,the high content of SiO_(2) at low temperature is not conducive to hydrogen production.In conclusion,compared with traditional hydrogen production methods,serpentinization has the advantages of low cost,low carbon and wide source of raw materials.It also can be combined with carb on storage process to promote the transition of ener gy to carbon neutrality.Moreover,the new technique of industrial hydrogen production based on the hydrogen generation mechanism of serpentinization is promising and highly potential.It provides an additional optio n for industrial hydrogen production in China.

关 键 词：氢能 蛇纹石化 水岩反应 橄榄石 斜方辉石 温度 碱性 工业制氢 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]