1991-2021年山东省人体舒适度时空分布特征  

Spatial and temporal distribution of body comfort indexin Shandong province from 1991 to 2021

作　　者：高理 刘焕彬[1,2] GAO Li;LIU Huanbin(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Shandong Climate Center,Jinan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点试验室,山东济南250031 [2]山东省气候中心,山东济南250031

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2023年第3期71-79,共9页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM202107);山东省气象局科研项目(2021sdqxm02)。

摘　　要：利用山东省1991-2021年122个国家级气象观测站的逐日气温、降水量、相对湿度、风速等资料,分析山东省内气候利弊条件,并采用人体舒适度指数(I_(BC))计算分析全省人体舒适度的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)半岛、鲁南东部地区适宜气温日数和适宜降水日数占比多于山东中西部地区;中西部地区适宜风速日数占比多于东部地区;半岛及鲁南东部地区很少出现高温天气,半岛东端易出现大风天气;沿海地区、鲁南地区的适宜湿度日数占比较其他地区偏多。(2)全省历年平均人体舒适度指数均属于偏凉等级,大部地区人体舒适日数呈增多趋势。月均I_(BC)多较为舒适,无寒冷等级(1级),也无偏热以上等级(7~10级),多数人舒适日数(4~6级)月际变化呈“M”形分布,5、6、9月舒适日最多,冬季、初春、秋末冷不舒适日数多,仅夏季出现较少的热不舒适日数。(3)山东各地均有6~7个月的舒适期,半岛、鲁南东部地区为最舒适,主要体现在青岛、烟台、威海地区气候最舒适期(5级)长达4个月,内陆城市仅有3个月。(4)全省各地人体舒适日数与同期平均气温、平均相对湿度、平均风速密切相关,夏季气温偏低、风速偏大、湿度适中时人体舒适度较好,其他季节大致反之。Using the daily temperature,precipitation,relative humidity,and wind speed data from 122 national meteorological stations in Shandong province from 1991 to 2021,the climatic advantages and disadvantages are analyzed,and the body comfort index(I_(BC))is used to calculate and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of body comfort factors in the province.The results are shown below.(1)The percentage of optimum temperature and precipitation days is higher in the peninsula and the southeast of Shandong than in the middle and west of Shandong.Optimum wind speed days are more in the middle and west than in the east.High temperature is rare in the peninsula and the southeast of Shandong,and the east end of the peninsula is prone to strong wind.Suitable humidity days are more in the coastal areas and the south of Shandong than in other areas.(2)The annual average I_(BC)of the whole province belongs to the cool grade,and the number of comfortable days for human body is increasing in most areas.The monthly average values of I_(BC)are mostly in comfortable grade,none in cold grade(grade 1)or hot and above grades(grade 7-10).The intermonthly variation of comfortable days for most people(grade 4-6)is distributed in a“M”shape:the most of comfortable days appear in May,June,and September,the number of cold uncomfortable days is more in winter,early spring,and late autumn,and fewer hot uncomfortable days appear in summer.(3)There is a comfortable period of 6-7 months in Shandong,and the peninsula and the southeast of Shandong are the most comfortable places for people.The most comfortable period(grade 5)is 4 months in Qingdao,Yantai,and Weihai,while it is only three months in inland cities.(4)The number of comfortable days for human body in all parts of the province is closely related to the average temperature,average relative humidity,and average wind speed in the same period.In summer,when the temperature is low,the wind speed is high,and the humidity is moderate,the humans are comfortable,while in other seasons,it

关 键 词：山东 气候 舒适度 特征 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]