2023年春季海洋天气评述  

Spring 2023 marine weather review

作　　者：黄奕武 刘达 王皘 吕心艳 HUANG Yiwu;LIU Da;WANG Qian;L Xinyan(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2023年第3期113-124,共12页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42175007);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1506406)。

摘　　要：2023年春季(3-5月)北半球大气环流特征为:极涡呈单极型,核心区呈轴对称分布,较常年平均明显偏强;中高纬呈4波型分布,北太平洋西风带比较平直,与2021年春季相似。季内我国近海冷空气活动较弱,海雾过程频繁:8级以上大风过程出现了5次,其中冷空气大风过程为3次,入海温带气旋大风过程为1次,台风大风过程为1次;比较明显的海雾过程出现了8次,其中3月为3次,4月为2次,5月为3次。我国近海浪高2.0 m以上的大浪过程有11次,其中4次大浪过程最大浪高超过3.0 m。海面温度呈逐渐上升趋势,东海至华南沿海一带海面温度梯度较高。全球共有7个热带气旋生成,其中2个在西北太平洋,强度达到或相当于我国超强台风级的有5个。The main characteristics of the general atmospheric circulation of the Northern Hemisphere in spring 2023(from March to May)are as follows.The polar vortex is characterized by a unipole pattern,and its core area takes on an axisymmetric aspect and is stronger than the historical average.The circulation in the middle and high latitudes presents a 4-wave pattern,and the westerlies over the North Pacific are relatively straight,resembling those in spring 2021.In spring,the cold air is weak and sea fog occurs frequently over offshore areas of China:5 gale processes above Beaufort scale 8 occur,including three produced by cold air,one generated by extratropical cyclones,and one caused by typhoon;8 obvious sea fog processes happen,including three in March,two in April,and three in May.There are 11 rough sea wave processes with the maximum wave height above 2.0 m,and 4 of them exceed 3.0 m.The sea surface temperature is gradually increasing,and high temperature gradient is found over the areas from the East China Sea to the offshore areas of South China.There are 7 tropical cyclones in the globe in total,with two of them generated over western North Pacific and 5 of them reaching the intensity of super typhoon.

关 键 词：大风 海雾 热带气旋 高海浪 海面温度 

分 类 号：P732.2[天文地球—海洋科学]