化学发泡耦合KOH活化制备氮掺杂沥青基多孔炭及其电化学性能  

Preparation and electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped coal tar pitch-based porous carbon by chemical foaming coupled with KOH activation

作　　者：晋展展 贺贺 施凤 邢宝林 黄光许 张传祥 刘全润 JIN Zhanzhan;HE He;SHI Feng;XING Baolin;HUANG Guangxu;ZHANG Chuanxiang;LIU Quanrun(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China;State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-efficiency Utilization,Jiaozuo 454003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学化学化工学院,河南焦作454003 [2]煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,河南焦作454003

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2023年第8期65-72,共8页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074109)。

摘　　要：以煤焦油沥青为炭前驱体,硫酸铵为发泡剂和氮源,KOH为活化剂,采用化学发泡耦合KOH活化制备氮掺杂三维结构多孔炭,通过调节碱炭比实现调控煤焦油沥青基多孔炭的微观结构和杂原子含量,研究了碱炭比和杂原子含量对多孔炭性能的影响。通过SEM、XPS、N_(2)吸脱附等表征材料的结构和组成,采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗测试手段评估材料的电化学性能。结果表明化学发泡耦合KOH活化不仅优化了内部孔隙形成层次孔结构并在碳骨架中掺杂适量杂原子,双重作用下有效提高了多孔炭的电化学性能。优化后的NPC-2显示较高的比表面积(1636 m^(2)/g)、丰富的氮元素(5.27%)和相互交联的氮掺杂炭骨架。在三电极体系中,NPC-2电极材料获得较高的质量比电容,在电流密度为0.5 A/g时,其质量比电容为374.2 F/g;当电流密度高达100 A/g时,其质量比电容仍可达249.5 F/g,电容保持率可达66.7%,表现出优异的电化学性能。这种优异性能源于其发达的三维分级孔隙结构、较高的氮含量和优良的炭导电网络。Using the coal tar pitch as the carbon precursor,ammonium sulfate as the foaming agent and nitrogen source,and KOH as the activator.Nitrogen-doped three-dimensional structured porous carbon was prepared by chemical foaming coupled with KOH activation.The microstructure and heteroatom content of coal tar pitch based porous carbon were controlled by adjusting the alkali carbon ratio and the effects of alkali carbon ratio and heteroatom content on the performance of porous carbon were investigated.The structure and composition of the materials were characterized by SEM,XPS,and N_(2) adsorption and desorption,and the electrochemical properties of the materials were evaluated with Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge,Cyclic Voltammetry,and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.The results show that chemical foaming coupled with KOH activation not only optimizes the internal pores to form a hierarchical pore structure and dopes the carbon skeleton with an appropriate amount of heteroatoms,but also effectively improves the electrochemical performance of the porous carbon under the dual effect.The optimized NPC-2 shows a high specific surface area(1636 m^(2)/g),abundant nitrogen(5.27%),and mutually cross-linked nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton.In the three-electrode system,the NPC-2 electrode material obtains a high mass specific capacitance with a mass specific capacitance of 374.2 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g;when the current density is as high as 100 A/g,its mass specific capacitance can still reach 249.5 F/g and the capacitance retention rate can reach 66.7%,showing excellent electrochemical performance.This excellent performance is derived from the well-developed graded pore structure and excellent carbon conductive network.

关 键 词：煤焦油沥青 多孔炭 超级电容器 化学发泡 

分 类 号：TQ530[化学工程—煤化学工程]