小口径水平绳索取芯钻进防偏斜方法探索与实践  

Exploration and Practice of Deviation Prevention Methods for Small-Diameter Horizontal Wireline Coring Drilling

作　　者：张驰 吴万炯 李飞 陈克霖 ZHANG Chi;WU Wanjiong;LI Fei;CHEN Kelin(Gansu Railway Comprehensive Engineering Survey Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃铁道综合工程勘察院有限公司,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2023年第S01期283-288,共6页Tunnel Construction

摘　　要：为避免小口径水平绳索取芯钻进时钻孔轨迹出现偏斜而不能钻进至目标地层从而失去勘探意义,解决钻进过程中钻孔偏斜导致出现断钻杆等孔内事故的问题,结合已完成各铁路项目长大隧道水平孔钻探经验,基于水平孔钻探设备在孔内的回转特征,通过分析钻具各部件,如钻杆柱、弹卡室与弹卡挡头、扩孔器、钻头等的工作状态、钻具受力后的变形程度、钻孔孔径结构以及地层产状、岩性完整性等因素,发现除操作经验影响钻孔偏斜外,钻头姿态对钻孔偏斜的影响也较大,因此进一步研制了一种小口径绳索取芯钻杆扶正器,并在某高原铁路某隧道超深水平孔勘探中进行了试验性应用。实际工程应用结果表明:小口径水平绳索取芯钻进时,使用钻杆扶正器后,有效减小了钻孔的偏斜角度,达到了较好的防偏斜效果。但钻杆扶正器的进一步合理有效使用,如扶正器安置数量、间距、距离钻头位置等还需要进一步试验研究。To avoid deviation in the drilling trajectory during small-diameter horizontal wireline coring drilling and drill pipe broken induced by deviation,the experience of horizontal hole drilling in long and large tunnels of various railway projects that have been completed and the rotation characteristics of horizontal hole drilling equipment in the hole are analyzed.After analyzing the working conditions of various components of the drilling tool,such as drill string,cartridge chamber,cartridge stopper,reamer,and the drill bit,as well as the deformation degree of the drilling tool after being stressed,the hole diameter structure,and the occurrence and integrity of the stratum,it is found that in addition to operating experience affecting the drilling deviation,the drill bit posture has a significant impact on the drilling deviation.Therefore,a small-diameter wireline coring drill pipe centralizer is further developed,which has been applied experimentally in the exploration of ultra-deep horizontal holes in a tunnel of a plateau railway.The application results in practical engineering show that the use of the drill pipe centralizer in small-diameter horizontal wireline coring drilling effectively reduces the deviation angle of the drilling hole and has a good antideviation effect.However,to further rationally and effectively use the drill pipe centralizers,further experimental research should be conducted on the number of centralizers installed,spacing,and distance from the drill bit.

关 键 词：水平绳索取芯钻进 钻孔偏斜 钻杆扶正器 防偏斜方法 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]