礼的运作:魏晋南北朝的仪注文书与礼典编纂  

The Operation of Rites:The Compilation of Ritual Documents and the Composition of Ritual Codes in the Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties

作　　者：聂溦萌 Nie Weimeng(School of History,Capital Normal University,Bejing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,北京100089

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期70-81,共12页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“汉魏六朝文书行政体系中的官修史研究”(项目编号:19CZS005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：魏晋南北朝时期,日常礼仪事务中使用名为“仪注”的文书。太常、尚书、门下三个机构都参与到仪注文书撰制、奏上、审批过程中,分工符合它们在一般政务运作中的角色。在两晋刘宋,历次施行的仪注文书构成存档和查阅、援引的基本单位,但很可能已被加以整编,以便查阅。齐梁朝廷在档案整理的基础上进一步参酌彼此,撰制定本,修成《五礼仪注》,成为国家的正式礼典。一面勾连礼仪事务与文书,一面勾连一代典章的运作体系,经过两晋南朝的发展逐渐成熟。与魏晋以后仪注文书对应,两汉史料中有称作“礼仪”的文书,东汉曹褒为和帝冠礼作“新礼章句”,或为“仪注”之滥觞。汉代有礼仪文书而未能修成“汉礼”,症结在于其礼仪事务多因秦旧制,制作礼典则是儒家理想,日常运作与典章制作难以衔接。During the Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties,official documents called"ritual documents"(仪注文书)were used in daily ritual affairs.The three agencies respectively under the charge of the Chamberlain for Ceremonials(太常),the Imperial Secretary(尚书),and the Palace Supervisor(门下)all participated in the process of the compilation,memorialization and approval of"ritual"documents,with their division of work in conformity with the roles they played in the general operation of administrative affairs.The ritual document used in previous operations of rites became the basic unit for archiving,consulting and citing at least until the Western and Eastern Dynasties,and the Liusong State(刘宋),meanwhile such documents could have probably been rearranged to a certain extent for consulting convenience.The imperial courts of the Xiao’s Qi State(萧齐)and Xiao’s Liang State(萧梁)further compiled their own ritual documents and referred to other relevant archives,and finally formulated a text entitled The Five Ritual Systems(《五礼仪注》),which ultimately became the official ritual codes of the state.The operation of rites was linked with ritual affairs and ritual documents,and also linked with the operational system of the ritual codes,thus gradually becoming mature after the Western Jin,Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties.In correspondence to the ritual documents compiled after the Wei and Jin Dynasties,there were also ritual documents found in the historical materials of the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties.Though the imperial court of the Han Dynasty had its ritual documents,it failed to compose its ritual codes,nor did it establish its operational ritual system.This was because it mostly followed the tradition of the Legalism-based ritual system from the Qin Dynasty,while the composition of the ritual codes was a Confucianist ideal.So it was difficult for the imperial courts of the Han Dynasty to integrate the daily operation of rites with the composition of ritual codes.

关 键 词：仪注文书 礼仪事务 礼典 官方编纂 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]