抽薹期不同施氮量对黄花菜生长、光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Daylily

作　　者：宋卓琴 段九菊 梁峥 贾民隆 李永平 曹冬梅 SONG Zhuoqin;DUAN Jiuju;LIANG Zheng;JIA Minlong;LI Yongping;CAO Dongmei(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第13期8-14,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山西农业大学农业科技创新工程资助项目(YGC20203);国家重点研发计划子课题资助项目(2021YFD1600301-9);山西省农作物种质资源保护资助项目(ZYBH-202206);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(2021-11)。

摘　　要：以大同黄花菜为试材,采用大田试验的方法,研究了不同N水平配施P、K肥与农民习惯施肥相比,对黄花菜生长、光合特性及产量的影响,以期获得黄花菜抽薹期最佳施N量,为黄花菜科学合理施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:在抽薹期配施P、K肥的增产效果要优于农民习惯的单施N肥,从光合特性来看,每667 m^(2)施N 7.5 kg、P_(2)O_(5)4.5 kg、K_(2)O 14 kg处理最佳,从黄花菜的农艺指标来看,抽薹期施肥主要是通过增加抽薹数、每薹的花蕾数以及蕾质量,增加黄花菜产量,当每667 m^(2)施N肥量为15 kg时,黄花菜鲜菜与干菜产量均达最高,平均667 m^(2)产鲜菜1760.26 kg、干菜228.74 kg,较空白处理分别增产45.43%、42.81%;一元二次肥效方程推荐的施N量与该试验设计的最适施肥量相似,可以用于黄花菜实际生产施肥指导。综合考虑,在大同地区推荐抽薹期每667 m^(2)施N量为13.21~13.46 kg,获得鲜菜、干菜的理论667 m^(2)产量分别为1734.71 kg和223.51 kg。Taking Datong daylily(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni)as the test material,field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different N levels of P and K fertilizers on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield of yellow cauliflower compared to farmers′customary fertilization,in order to obtain the optimal N application amount during the bolting period,provide reference for scientific and reasonable fertilization of yellow cauliflower.The results showed that the yield increase effect of applying P and K fertilizer in bolting stage was better than that of applying N fertilizer alone.From the perspective of photosynthetic characteristics,the application of N 7.5 kg per 667 m^(2),P_(2)O_(5)4.5 kg per 667 m^(2),K_(2)O 14 kg per 667 m^(2)was the best.From the perspective of agronomic indicators of daylily,fertilization in bolting stage was mainly to increase the yield of daylily by increasing the number of bolting,the number of flower buds per bolt and the weight of bud.When the amount of N fertilizer was 15 kg per 667 m^(2),the yield of fresh and dry vegetables of daylily reached the highest,with an average yield of 1760.26 kg per 667 m^(2)and 228.74 kg per 667 m^(2)dried vegetables increased by 45.43%and 42.81%respectively compared with the blank.The amount of N fertilizer recommended by the unitary quadratic fertilizer efficiency equation was similar to the optimal amount of fertilizer applied in this experiment,which could be used to guide the actual production of daylily.Based on comprehensive consideration,the recommended amount of N applied during bolting period in Datong was 13.21-13.46 kg per 667 m^(2),and the theoretical yields of fresh vegetables and dried vegetables were 1734.71 kg per 667 m^(2)and 223.51 kg per 667 m^(2)respectively.

关 键 词：黄花菜 生长特性 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S644.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]